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Facebook is about to burst out of the IPO gate Friday, with a blistering initial public offering that is expected to raise billions — not to mention the eyebrows of some investors on Wall Street.

* Facebook IPO could raise more than $18 billion.

Illustration by Kris Kinkade, USA TODAY; photo resource by Siri Stafford, Getty Images

Facebook IPO could raise more than $18 billion.

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Illustration by Kris Kinkade, USA TODAY; photo resource by Siri Stafford, Getty Images

Facebook IPO could raise more than $18 billion.
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Priced at $38 a share on Thursday, the 8-year-old social-networking company, fronted by hoodie-wearing CEO Mark Zuckerberg, could raise $16 billion in funding, not including an overallotment option. It could end its first day of trading worth up to $104 billion. That would make it worth more than Disney, Ford and Kraft Foods. It would be the second-largest U.S.-listed IPO behind only Visa. Facebook’s market debut, the biggest tech company IPO ever, should create 1,000 millionaires overnight.

The mega-offering signals a seminal event in the Internet’s maturation as a fundamental cog in the world economy, says Dave Morin, CEO of Path, a social network of 3 million and a former Facebook executive. “It sets the tone for long-term, product-driven Internet companies,” he says.

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MORE: Complete coverage of Facebook’s IPO
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PHOTOS: The Facebook story
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INTERACTIVE: IPO questions? Ask now for chat with Matt Krantz, noon ET

“This is an IPO with enormous impact,” says Charlene Li, founder of market researcher Altimeter Group. “No one will touch Facebook in its market for the next few years.”

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COLUMN: Ask Matt: Should a first-time investor buy Facebook?

Froth over Facebook’s first day of trading on Nasdaq has become a national obsession, sparking debate over Zuckerberg’s hoodie, the scope of the social network’s influence on American culture and the Internet, and what it all means to a sputtering U.S. economy. Facebook’s IPO dwarfs that of Google, which raised $1.7 billion in 2004, but the comparison ends there. Google’s revenue then was $3.2 billion and soaring while Facebook’s already show signs of cooling off.

Scrutiny will be intense

Going public means Facebook sacrifices some financial flexibility and will raise questions about its financial bona fides, says Nancy Miller, author of The Facebook IPO Primer. It faces “intense scrutiny from shareholders,” Miller says.

Concern about that issue was underscored in a letter Zuckerberg wrote in the company’s registration statement, in which he vowed to continue to operate Facebook as if it were a private company.

“Simply put: We don’t build services to make money; we make money to build better services,” wrote Zuckerberg, who controls 55.8% of company stock voting rights.

Not that Zuckerberg is indifferent to the wants and needs of investors. Despite reports that he would nix participating in the road show to drum up support for the IPO, Zuckerberg participated.

One of the topics undoubtedly broached is how Facebook intends to ramp up revenue to meet the heightened expectations of investors and analysts in the months — and years — to come. Speculation has centered on Facebook introducing search functions and an ad network for third-party sites.

It may have no choice but to speed up an already-aggressive product timetable to diversify revenue and satisfy shareholders in the coming months. That’s because its biggest source, ads, has dipped. Last month, it reported first-quarter ad revenue was $872 million, down 7.5% from the previous quarter. It blamed “seasonal trends” and shifting user growth for the decline.

Longer-term concerns?

Facebook is under mounting pressure from Wall Street to unearth new revenue to reduce its reliance on advertising, which accounted for 85% of its revenue last year.

In fact, Facebook may have lost some of its fizz in the days leading up to the IPO because of slackening advertising revenue growth projections. The company is expected to haul in $5.06 billion in total revenue this year, up 61% from 2011. But its ad business is expected to grow just 33%, to $6.72 billion, in 2013, eMarketer says.

What’s more, the Google Display Network is trouncing Facebook in key advertising areas. Google banner ads, for example, are more than 10 times more likely to be clicked on than Facebook ads, according to research from WordStream, a maker of search-engine marketing software and services.

That was underscored Tuesday, when General Motors said it will pull its paid advertising from Facebook — raising questions about Facebook’s ability to service blue-chip clients.

While Facebook’s boffo IPO is sure to tickle some investors, a faction of Wall Street “traditionalists” are sure to raise their eyebrows at the company’s perceived market value.

While Apple closed Thursday at a seemingly steep $530 a share, for a market capitalization of $494 billion, the stock remains relatively cheap at a price-to-earnings ratio of 13.3. Google also is a high-priced stock, at $623 a share and a market cap of $160.7 billion, and its P-E is a little richer at nearly 24. But, like Apple, its annual profit is in the billions, and it is arguably one of the few companies that can support its valuation and growth expectations regardless of market conditions.

“For several years, Yahoo suffered because it underperformed when compared to Google,” social-media analyst Greg Sterling says. “The stock got punished. There is some of that potential with Facebook (when compared with Google, Apple and others).”

But in the breathless buildup to a blockbuster IPO steeped in hype, there are concerns:

•The mobile-advertising puzzle. Like everyone else, Facebook is trying to figure out the Rubik’s Cube that is mobile advertising. The market holds vast promise, but few have cashed in. Under a best-case scenario, Facebook would generate up to $2.54 billion in revenue from new mobile traffic this year, up 68% from 2011, according to market researcher Chitika.

Facebook is determined to make a go in mobile, even though it has yet to make much money there. It snapped up photo-sharing app Instagram for $1 billion, redesigned its three mobile apps, launched several industry initiatives and offered some details on its efforts to move its desktop platform onto smartphones and tablets.

The push paid off with 160 million visitors to mobile apps on Facebook last month, up from 60 million in late February. Mobile users accounted for 1.1 billion visits to Facebook mobile apps, compared with 320 million in late February, according to a Facebook company blog post. Facebook says seven of the top 10 grossing iOS apps and six of the top 10 Android apps have Facebook integration.

Mobile is growing fast on Facebook, but if Facebook stuffs ads on mobile carelessly, it “risks alienating users,” analyst Sterling says.

•The social-commerce hole. Investors are sinking money into start-ups offering subscriptions, curation and celebrity endorsements in a bid to capture a slice of Facebook’s market.

Yet major brands such as Gap, Nordstrom, GameStop, J.C. Penney and Old Navy shut their virtual storefronts on Facebook when they didn’t spur consumer sales.

Still, there are hundreds of thousands of smaller sellers betting Facebook can develop into an e-commerce powerhouse to rival Amazon.com and eBay. Many are pushing out shopping apps, hosting online garage sales and testing new business models on Facebook.

E-commerce platform vendor Payvment is signing 1,500 small and midsize sellers a week, and is up to 155,000.

“One-to-one marketing doesn’t work on Facebook, but it is a great influencer in a one-to-one-to-many manner, when someone ‘Likes’ a product,” says Brian Solis at market researcher Altimeter Group.

•Slackening social-gaming revenue. After two years of soaring growth, the number of gamers on Facebook languished in 2011, says market researcher IHS. At the end of 2010, about half of Facebook’s monthly active users played games. By early 2012, that number had plunged to one in four.

But there is strength in those diminishing numbers. Sales of virtual goods in mobile games in the U.S. are expected to vault to $500 million this year compared with $350 million in 2011, says researcher WebMediaBrands.

Life, post-IPO

Life in the post-IPO world can be humbling. Groupon’s recent stock woes are a cautionary tale of what can happen to a once-hot Internet commodity that loses its way. Its stock price plummeted shortly after it started trading.

“Going public is one of the worst things that a tech company can do,” analyst Sterling says. An IPO “exposes (Facebook) to scrutiny that they did not have.”

Investors and analysts will ratchet pressure on Facebook to “start chasing revenue (they) might not otherwise to show near-term growth,” Sterling says. Ultimately, he says, Facebook might dive into search, mobile or an ad network for third-party sites.

Privacy as a commodity

There is also the inevitable pressure to monetize data for advertising purposes, which could raise privacy concerns.

Such is the calculus of lingering privacy issues for Facebook, which must be careful not to share too much of its members’ data with eager marketers and advertisers.

“Facebook has a database filled with information about 900 million users,” says Allie Kline, chief marketing officer at 33Across, a social-marketing analytics company. “That’s a lot of power, but it’s no different than what Google, Yahoo and Microsoft face weighing user data vs. privacy.”

It is a challenge most companies would pine for, as a prominent venture capitalist notes.

“The Facebook arguments (against) are lunacy,” says Bill Gurley, general partner at VC firm Benchmark Capital. “Any challenge they face is offset by little chance of anyone knocking them off. Their competitive advantage is that big.

“They have been held up as poster child for so long, that some feel the need to dwell on the negative,” Gurley says.
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Wall Street has one simple task as Facebook Inc. shares begin trading: Don’t mess it up.

Major stock exchanges, brokerage firms and mutual fund companies have been gearing up for one of the biggest initial public offerings on record. And, with all the hype surrounding the social-media giant, any snafus would be a major embarrassment.

“It has to go off without a hitch. There’s going to be a lot of visibility on this,” said Larry Tabb, chief executive of the TABB Group consulting and research firm. “If this goes poorly, it will not just be a poor reflection on Nasdaq — it will be a poor reflection on the U.S. market structure.”

In pricing its stock at $38 on Thursday, Facebook raised $16 billion in the third-biggest IPO in U.S. history and the largest ever by a tech company. The stock trades as FB.

The company is expected to sell an additional $2.4 billion in stock later this month, raising the total value to $18.4 billion. That would make it the second-largest U.S. IPO, trailing only the $19.65 billion raised by Visa Inc. in 2008.

The IPO values Facebook at $104 billion, by far the largest ever for a newly public company.

Facebook shares are scheduled to begin trading at 11 a.m. Eastern time, 90 minutes after the Nasdaq Stock Market opens. The late start is designed to give the stock exchange and Wall Street brokerage firms sufficient time to process what is expected to be a crush of opening-day orders.

At center stage is the Nasdaq, considered to be the world’s premier home for technology companies. The exchange has been testing various scenarios for how the stock will open, checking its systems through a dummy ticker — ZWZZT — to allow clients to practice processing their orders.

Glitches do happen. In April, when software developer Splunk Inc. went public on the Nasdaq, the price soared so high the exchange halted trading. However, trading reportedly continued elsewhere, leading to canceled trades.

The biggest blunder happened in March when BATS Global Markets, an electronic trading platform, suffered a trading debacle. A software glitch sabotaged the company’s own IPO, which sent the stock plummeting and forced it to cancel the offering altogether.

BATS has been in talks with Nasdaq about the Facebook IPO, but hasn’t participated in any of the tests. However, clients have been routing test orders of Facebook through the exchange, spokeswoman Stacie Fleming said.

Meanwhile, the New York Stock Exchange is making sure it is ready for the crush of new shares that will be dumped into the market Friday. The Big Board has dedicated a server just for Facebook trading that will be done on the NYSE Euronext Inc.’s all-electronic Arca exchange.

“We’re fully prepared,” NYSE spokesman Rich Adamonis said.

Tabb said myriad problems could arise, though he predicted high volume wouldn’t be one.

Buyers and sellers may not get access to the stock, he said, because market data feeds connecting all the exchanges could hit a snag, trading algorithms may not be properly tuned, or a server could crash.

“If there’s a problem it’ll be a technology glitch,” Tabb said.

Brokerages are getting ready to field phone calls from customers who want Facebook shares — and potentially upset clients who didn’t get as large of an IPO allotment as they wanted.

Fidelity Investments in Boston, one of the country’s largest retail brokerages, has employees on standby to deal with high customer demand, spokesman Steve Austin said.

Wall Street might spend the remaining few hours before Facebook’s public debut worrying about what might go wrong. But there’s a decidedly different atmosphere on the West Coast at Facebook’s Menlo Park headquarters.

Hundreds of employees spent Thursday in a “hackathon” — an all-night work session for programmers and engineers.

Even founder Mark Zuckerberg was expected to attend the event — until he rings the Nasdaq’s opening bell.
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Facebook IPO Makes Zuckerberg Richer Than Google Founders
By David De Jong and Devon Pendleton – May 18, 2012 2:52 AM GMT+0530

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Facebook Inc. (FB)’s $16 billion initial public offering has made 28-year-old Mark Zuckerberg the 29th richest person on Earth.

Facebook, the world’s most popular social networking company, sold 421.2 million shares for $38 each. At that price, the 503.6 million shares and options Zuckerberg owns are valued at $19.1 billion, making him wealthier than Google Inc. (GOOG) co- founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index.
Enlarge image Zuckerberg’s Facebook IPO Makes Him Richer Than Google Founders
Zuckerberg’s Facebook IPO Makes Him Richer Than Google Founders
Zuckerberg’s Facebook IPO Makes Him Richer Than Google Founders

Mike Kepka/San Francisco Chronicle/Corbis

Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg in San Francisco.

Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg in San Francisco. Photographer: Mike Kepka/San Francisco Chronicle/Corbis
Buying Into IPOs a `Very Bad Strategy,’ Feiger Says

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Q

May 18 (Bloomberg) — George Feiger, chief executive officer of Contango Capital Advisors Inc., a San Francisco-based wealth management firm, talks about the possibility of Greece exiting the euro area, the initial public offering of Facebook Inc. and his investment strategy. Feiger speaks with Susan Li on Bloomberg Television’s “First Up.” (Source: Bloomberg)

“Zuckerberg doesn’t think about his wealth,” David Kirkpatrick, author of “The Facebook Effect,” a history of the company, said in a telephone interview May 17. “This is a huge success for everybody. There’s no way it can be seen otherwise.”

Facebook’s chief executive officer started the Menlo Park, California-based company for Harvard University classmates as a 19-year-old in his dorm room. It now has more than 900 million monthly users and generated $3.7 billion in revenue in 2011.

Zuckerberg sold 30.2 million shares for $1.15 billion during the offering. Most of the proceeds will be used to pay the taxes associated with exercising 60 million stock options.
Moskovitz, Saverin

Facebook’s $104.2 billion valuation crystallizes the fortunes of the company’s three other co-founders. Dustin Moskovitz, 27, who roomed with Zuckerberg at Harvard, is now worth $5.1 billion. He owns 133.7 million shares of the company’s Class B stock, and will sell 7.5 million shares if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional stock.

Moskovitz, the company’s first chief technology officer, left the social network with Facebook colleague Justin Rosenstein in 2008. The duo founded Asana Inc., a task management software company. The company received $9 million in funding from venture capital firms Andreessen Horowitz and Benchmark Capital in 2009, both of Menlo Park.

Eduardo Saverin, 30, has a $2.7 billion estimated fortune. He owned about 4 percent of the company’s outstanding shares prior to the offering, according to whoownsfacebook.com, which is published by Massinvestor Inc. and draws its information from Facebook’s filings with the SEC, press releases, news reports and other publicly available sources.

The Brazil-born Facebook co-founder renounced his U.S. citizenship last year and is now a permanent resident of Singapore. Saverin’s move could save him $67 million in federal taxes, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.

Saverin declined to discuss his stake in a telephone interview from his home in Singapore.

“I am obligated to and will pay hundreds of millions of dollars in taxes to the United States government,” he said in May 17 statement.
New Republic

Co-founder Christopher Hughes, 28, owns about 22 million shares of Facebook, according to a person familiar with his holdings who asked not to be named because the matter is private. At $38 per share, his stake is worth $836 million.

Hughes, who bought the Washington, D.C.-based magazine the New Republic in March 2012 for less than $5 million, has more than $100 million in cash and real estate after selling some of his Facebook hoard, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. Facebook shares would need to rise 7.9 percent to $41 for Hughes’s fortune to crest ten figures.

Peter Thiel provided Facebook’s first outside investment: $500,000 in 2004. Today, he has a net worth of $2.7 billion. The Founders Fund Management LLC partner sold 16.8 million shares during the offering and owns almost 28 million shares of Facebook following the deal, according to regulatory filings.

Thiel, who co-founded PayPal Inc., owns his Facebook shares through holding companies such as Rivendell One LLC and Lembas LLC. He also owns stakes in Palantir Technologies Inc., which makes data processing software, and Valar Ventures Management LLC, a venture fund that invests in New Zealand and Australian companies. The name of each of those entities was inspired by the writings of J.R.R. Tolkien.
Napster and Cocaine

Thiel was brought to Facebook by technology entrepreneur Sean Parker, who met Zuckerberg at a Manhattan restaurant in 2004. He persuaded Zuckerberg to move to California to focus on the company full time. The 32-year-old Parker has a $2.8 billion net worth, and will sell 10 million shares if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares.

Zuckerberg hired Parker, who had co-founded the Napster Inc. file sharing service with Shawn Fanning in 1999, as its first president. Parker left Facebook in 2005, after police found cocaine at a North Carolina beach house where Parker was hosting friends on vacation. No charges were filed.

For his early role in Facebook, Parker was given almost 70 million shares. He sold 3.65 million shares in the secondary market prior to the company’s IPO.

The offering made Facebook’s chief operating officer Sheryl Sandberg a billionaire. Sandberg, 42, who was lured from Google in 2008, owns about 27 million shares, including 25 million restricted stock units that have vested. She also owns more than 14 million unvested units that aren’t counted in her net worth calculation.
Mafia Wars

At the offering price, her vested stake in the company is worth $1 billion. Sandberg also owns small stakes in Starbucks Corp. (SBUX) and Walt Disney Co. (DIS); she is a director at both companies.

Facebook’s offering further elevated Mark Pincus, the founder of Zynga Inc. (ZNGA), the world’s largest social gaming company, in the billionaire ranks. Pincus, 46, owns 13 percent of Zynga, whose popular online games such as Mafia Wars and Farmville generated more than 10 percent of Facebook’s sales in 2011. The company’s shares are down more than 40 percent since March.

Pincus owns 4.3 million shares of Facebook. With his Zynga stock, he is worth $1.3 billion. He sold 1 million Facebook shares during the offering, earning him $38 million.

Alisher Usmanov, Russia’s richest man, controls about 80 percent of the 85.6 million Facebook shares owned by investment company Digital Sky, which was founded by Yuri Milner. Digital Sky sold 45.7 million shares in the offering and may sell more in the coming months, according to regulatory filings.

Milner owns about 12.5 percent of the company’s Facebook shares and has a net worth of $1.1 billion, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. Digital Sky also owns stakes in Zynga, Groupon Inc. and Twitter Inc.
Double Google’s Valuation

Usmanov — whose most valuable asset is his 50 percent stake in Metalloinvest, Russia’s largest iron ore producer –has never met Zuckerberg.

Facebook, which makes 85 percent of its revenue from advertising, is valued at 25.8 times trailing 12-month sales, more than double Google’s valuation when the search engine debuted in 2004.

The company will begin trading on the Nasdaq May 18.
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Jeremiah Alvesta Wright, Jr. (born September 22, 1941) is Pastor Emeritus of Trinity United Church of Christ (TUCC), a church in Chicago exceeding 6,000 members.[1] In early 2008, Wright retired after 36 years as the Senior Pastor of his congregation and no longer has daily responsibilities at the church.[2][3]

Following retirement, Wright’s beliefs and preaching were scrutinized when segments from his sermons were publicized in connection with the presidential campaign of Barack Obama, including his contention that the attacks of September 11, 2001 were proof that “America’s chickens are coming home to roost” and “…not God Bless America. God damn America.”[4] Obama reacted to the Wright controversy in a speech entitled “A More Perfect Union.”[5]

Wright subsequently defended himself in a speech before the NAACP on April 27, 2008, in which he indicated that he was not “divisive” but “descriptive,” and that the black church experience, like black culture, was “different” but not “deficient”.[6]
Contents
[hide]

* 1 Early years
* 2 Education and military service
* 3 Career as minister
* 4 Controversies
* 5 Retirement
* 6 Honors
* 7 Works
* 8 See also
* 9 References
* 10 External links

[edit] Early years

Wright was born and raised in a racially mixed section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania called Germantown.[7] His parents are Jeremiah Wright, Sr. (1909–2001), a Baptist minister who pastored Grace Baptist Church in Germantown, Philadelphia, from 1938 to 1980,[8] and Mary Elizabeth Henderson Wright, a school teacher who was the first black person to teach an academic subject at Roosevelt Junior High. She went on to be the first black person to teach at Germantown High and Girls High, where she became the school’s first black vice principal.

Wright graduated from the Central High School of Philadelphia in 1959, among the best schools in the area at the time.[7] At the time, the school was around 90 percent white.[9] The 211th class yearbook described Wright as a respected member of the class. “Always ready with a kind word, Jerry is one of the most congenial members of the 211,” the yearbook said. “His record in Central is a model for lower class [younger] members to emulate.”[7]
[edit] Education and military service
Jeremiah Wright (second from right, behind I.V. pole), in 1966, as a U.S. Navy Hospital Corpsman. He is tending to President Lyndon Johnson, standing behind him is Bill Moyers.[10] (A letter of thanks on behalf of the President is superimposed on photo).

From 1959 to 1961, Wright attended Virginia Union University,[2] in Richmond and is a member of Omega Psi Phi fraternity, Zeta chapter. In 1961 Wright left college and joined the United States Marine Corps and became part of the 2nd Marine Division attaining the rank of private first class. In 1963, after two years of service, Wright joined the United States Navy and entered the Corpsman School at the Great Lakes Naval Training Center.[11][12] Wright was then trained as a cardiopulmonary technician at the National Naval Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland. Wright was assigned as part of the medical team charged with care of President Lyndon B. Johnson (see photo of Wright caring for Johnson after his 1966 surgery). Before leaving the position in 1967, the White House Physician, Vice Admiral Burkley, personally wrote Wright a letter of thanks on behalf of the United States President.[13][14][15]

In 1967 Wright enrolled at Howard University in Washington, D.C., where he earned a bachelor’s degree in 1968 and a master’s degree in English in 1969. He also earned a master’s degree from the University of Chicago Divinity School.[11] Wright holds a Doctor of Ministry degree (1990) from the United Theological Seminary in Dayton, Ohio, where he studied under Samuel DeWitt Proctor, a mentor to Martin Luther King, Jr.[16]

His wife is Ramah Reed Wright, and he has four daughters, Janet Marie Moore, Jeri Lynne Wright, Nikol D. Reed and Jamila Nandi Wright, and one son, Nathan D. Reed.[11]
[edit] Career as minister
Jeremiah Wright (center left), in 1998, greeting President Bill Clinton during a prayer breakfast at the White House.

Wright became pastor of the Trinity United Church of Christ, Chicago on March 1, 1972; it had some 250 members on its rolls, but only about 90 or so were actually attending worship by that time.[17] By March 2008 Trinity United Church of Christ had become the largest church in the mostly white[18] United Church of Christ denomination. The President and General Minister of the United Church of Christ, John H. Thomas, has stated: “It is critical that all of us express our gratitude and support to this remarkable congregation, to Jeremiah A. Wright for his leadership over 36 years.”[19] Thomas, who is a member of the Pilgrim Congregational United Church of Christ in Cleveland, has also preached[20] and worshipped at Trinity United Church of Christ (most recently on March 2, 2008).[19]

Trinity and Wright were profiled by correspondent Roger Wilkins in Sherry Jones’s documentary “Keeping the Faith” broadcast as the June 16, 1987 episode of the PBS series Frontline with Judy Woodruff.[21] In 1995, Wright was asked to deliver a prayer during an afternoon session of speeches at the Million Man March in Washington, D.C.[22]

Wright, who began the “Ministers in Training” (”M.I.T.”) program at Trinity United Church of Christ, has been a national leader in promoting theological education and the preparation of seminarians for the African-American church.[23] The church’s mission statement is based upon systematized Black liberation theology that started with the works of James Hal Cone.[24][25]

Wright has been a professor at Chicago Theological Seminary, Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary and other educational institutions. Wright has served on the Board of Trustees of Virginia Union University, Chicago Theological Seminary and City Colleges of Chicago. He has also served on the Board Directors of Evangelical Health Systems, the Black Theology Project, the Center for New Horizons and the Malcolm X School of Nursing, and on boards and committees of other religious and civic organizations.[11]

Wright attended a lecture by Dr Frederick G. Sampson in Richmond, Virginia, in the late 1980s, on the GF Watts painting Hope, which inspired him to give a sermon in 1990 based on the subject of the painting – “with her clothes in rags, her body scarred and bruised and bleeding, her harp all but destroyed and with only one string left, she had the audacity to make music and praise God … To take the one string you have left and to have the audacity to hope … that’s the real word God will have us hear from this passage and from Watt’s painting.”[26] Having attended Wright’s sermon, Barack Obama later adapted Wright’s phrase “audacity to hope” to “audacity of hope” which became the title for his 2004 Democratic National Convention keynote address, and the title of his second book.
[edit] Controversies
Main article: Jeremiah Wright controversy

Wright, who was Barack Obama’s former pastor, gained national attention in March 2008 when ABC News, after reviewing dozens of Wright’s sermons,[27] excerpted parts which were subject to intense media scrutiny, including Wright’s contention that the Attacks of September 11, 2001 were proof that “America’s chickens are coming home to roost” and “…not God Bless America. God damn America.”[4][28][29][30] Obama denounced the statements in question, but after critics continued to press the issue of his relationship with Wright he gave a speech titled “A More Perfect Union,” in which he denounced Wright’s remarks, but did not disown him as a person. The controversy began to fade, but was renewed in late April when Wright made a series of media appearances, including an interview on Bill Moyers Journal, a speech at the NAACP and a speech at the National Press Club.[31] After the last of these, Obama spoke more forcefully against his former pastor, saying that he was “outraged” and “saddened” by his behavior, and in May he resigned his membership in the church.[32]

On June 9, 2009, in an interview with the Daily Press of Newport News, Wright indicated that he hadn’t had contact with Obama up to that point because “Them Jews aren’t going to let him talk to me. I told my baby daughter, that he’ll talk to me in five years when he’s a lame duck, or in eight years when he’s out of office.” Wright also suggested that Obama did not send a delegation to the Durban Review Conference in Geneva on racism because of Zionist pressure saying: “[T]he Jewish vote, the A-I-P-A-C vote, that’s controlling him, that would not let him send representation to the Darfur Review Conference, that’s talking this craziness on this trip, cause they’re Zionists, they would not let him talk to someone who calls a spade what it is.”[33] Writing for The Atlantic, Ta-Nehisi Coates characterized Wright’s remarks as “crude conspiratorial antisemitism.”[34] On June 11, 2009, Wright amended his remarks during an interview with Mark Thompson on his radio program, Make it Plain. “Let me say like Hillary, I misspoke. Let me just say: Zionists… I’m not talking about all Jews, all people of the Jewish faith, I’m talking about Zionists.”[35]

Wright wrote on his Facebook page apologizing for his remarks on June 12, 2009. He wrote, “I mis-spoke and I sincerely meant no harm or ill-will to the American Jewish community or the Obama administration… I have great respect for the Jewish faith and the foundational (and central) part of our Judeo-Christian tradition.”[36] “In other words,” another Atlantic writer, Jeffrey Goldberg, alleged, “[H]e regrets speaking plainly instead of deploying a euphemism.”[37] The Anti Defamation League released a statement condemning Wright’s remarks as “inflammatory and false. The notions of Jewish control of the White House in Reverend Wright’s statement express classic anti-Semitism in its most vile form.”[38]

In June 2011, in a speech at Empowerment Temple in Baltimore City, Wright called the State of Israel “illegal” and “genocidal” and insisted, “To equate Judaism with the state of Israel is to equate Christianity with [rapper] Flavor Flav.”[39]
[edit] Retirement

Wright retired as pastor from Trinity United Church of Christ in early 2008. Over the course of his tenure, he brought the Church’s membership from 87 in 1972 to over 8,000 parishioners.[40] Trinity United purchased a lot in Tinley Park, a predominantly white Chicago suburb, and built Wright a 10,340-square-foot (961 m2) home valued at $1.6 million dollars. [41][42]
[edit] Honors

Wright has received a Rockefeller Fellowship and seven honorary doctorate degrees, including from Colgate University, Lincoln University of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Valparaiso University, United Theological Seminary, Chicago Theological Seminary, and Starr King School for the Ministry.[11] Wright was named one of Ebony magazine’s top 15 preachers.[14] He was also awarded the first Carver Medal by Simpson College in January 2008, to recognize Wright as “an outstanding individual whose life exemplifies the commitment and vision of the service of George Washington Carver”.[43][44] On May 1, 2008, Northwestern University withdrew its invitation for him to receive an honorary doctorate in light of the controversy over his recent remarks.[45]
[edit] Works

* Jeremiah A. Wright, Jr., “Music as Cultural Expression in Black Church Theology and Worship,” Journal of Black Sacred Music 3, 1 (1) (Spring 1989).
* Wright, Jeremiah A. Jr. and Jini Kilgore Ross, What Makes You So Strong?: Sermons of Joy and Strength from Jeremiah A. Wright, Jr., Judson Press, November 1993, ISBN 978-0-8170-1198-7
* Jawanza Kunjufu and Rev. Dr. Jeremiah Wright, Jr., Adam! Where Are You?: Why Most Black Men Don’t Go to Church, African American Images, June 1997, ISBN 978-0-913543-43-6 (also African American Images, 1994, ISBN B000T6LXPQ)
* Wright, Jeremiah A. Jr. and Colleen Birchett, Africans Who Shaped Our Faith (Student Guide), Urban Ministries, Inc., May 1995, ISBN 978-0-940955-29-5
* Wright, Jeremiah A. Jr. and Jini Kilgore Ross, Good News!: Sermons of Hope for Today’s Families, Judson Press, December 1995, ISBN 978-0-8170-1236-6
* William J. Key, Robert Johnson Smith, Jeremiah A. Wright, Jr. and Robert Johnson-Smith, From One Brother to Another: Voices of African American Men, Judson Press, October 1996, ISBN 978-0-8170-1250-2
* Frank Madison Reid, III, Jeremiah Wright Jr. and Colleen Birchett, When Black Men Stand Up for God: Reflections on the Million Man March, African American Images, December 1997, ISBN 978-0-913543-48-1
* Wright, Jeremiah A. Jr., What Can Happen When We Pray: A Daily Devotional, Augsburg Fortress Publishers, June 2002, ISBN 978-0-8066-3406-7
* Wright, Jeremiah A. Jr., From One Brother To Another, Volume 2: Voices of African American Men , Judson Press, January 2003, ISBN 978-0-8170-1362-2
* Wright, Jeremiah A, Jr. (2004), “Doing black theology in the black church”, p 13-23, 213-214. In Linda E. Thomas (Ed.), Living Stones in the Household of God: The Legacy and Future of Black Theology, Minneapolis: Fortress. ISBN 0-8006-3627-9
* Wright, Jeremiah. “Here I am, send me”. In Awakened to a calling: reflections on the vocation of ministry, Ann M. Svennungsen and Melissa Wiginton (Eds.), Nashville: Abingdon Press, c2005. ISBN 0-687-05390-0
* Wright, Jeremiah. “In the Lord’s house, on the Lord’s day”. In Awakened to a calling: reflections on the vocation of ministry, Ann M. Svennungsen and Melissa Wiginton (Eds.), Nashville: Abingdon Press, c2005. ISBN 0-687-05390-0
* Iva E. Carruthers (Editor), Frederick D. Haynes III (Editor), Jeremiah A. Wright Jr. (Editor), Blow the Trumpet in Zion!: Global Vision and Action for the 21st Century Black Church, Augsburg Fortress Publishers, January 2005, ISBN 978-0-8006-3712-5
* Ernest R. Flores and Jeremiah A. Wright Jr., Tempted to Leave the Cross: Renewing the Call to Discipleship, Judson Press, November 2007, ISBN 978-0-8170-1524-4

Wright has written several books and is featured on Wynton Marsalis’s album The Majesty of the Blues, where he recites a spoken word piece written by Stanley Crouch, and on the Odyssey Channel series Great Preachers.[46][47]

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Don’t go there. That, in essence, is the message Thursday from Mitt Romney, who said he “repudiates” an idea that was reportedly under consideration by an outside GOP group to run ads using the Rev. Jeremiah Wright Jr. to attack President Obama.
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Since publication of The New York Times article Thursday describing the idea, the Chicago billionaire who was reportedly considering funding the $10 million plan has disavowed it.

But that news came after an explosive reaction across the political spectrum, from both the Romney and Obama campaigns, as well as political strategists and observers. And once again, the issue of race has been injected into the campaign.

RECOMMENDED: 8 reasons to ‘mute’ super PAC ads

During the last presidential campaign, videos of incendiary sermons by Mr. Wright, the president’s former spiritual adviser, came to light. John McCain, the Republican nominee in 2008, refused to make Wright an issue and Mr. Romney, the party’s presumptive nominee this year, is furthering that view.

According to Thursday’s New York Times, Chicago billionaire Joe Ricketts was considering a $10 million ad campaign that would highlight Obama’s former relationship with Wright, who espouses “black liberation theology.” Mr. Ricketts, the founder of TD Ameritrade, and a “super PAC” he supports, the Ending Spending Action Fund, were considering various proposals from a group of high-profile Republican strategists, including this idea.

Midday on Thursday, Brian Baker, president of the Ending Spending Action Fund, released a statement on behalf of Ricketts.

“Joe Ricketts is a registered independent, a fiscal conservative, and an outspoken critic of the Obama administration, but he is neither the author nor the funder of the so-called ‘Ricketts Plan’ to defeat Mr. Obama that The New York Times wrote about this morning,” the statement read.

“Not only was this plan merely a proposal – one of several submitted to the Ending Spending Action Fund by third-party vendors – but it reflects an approach to politics that Mr. Ricketts rejects and it was never a plan to be accepted but only a suggestion for a direction to take,” the statement continued. “Mr. Ricketts intends to work hard to help elect a president this fall who shares his commitment to economic responsibility, but his efforts are and will continue to be focused entirely on questions of fiscal policy, not attacks that seek to divide us socially or culturally.”

Earlier in the day, Romney also rejected the proposal.

“I repudiate the effort by that PAC to promote an ad strategy of the nature they’ve described,” Romney told the conservative Townhall web site Thursday. “I would like to see this campaign focus on the economy, on getting people back to work, on seeing rising incomes and growing prosperity – particularly for those in the middle class of America.”
The reaction was swift to news that a conservative super PAC was considering ads that attacked President Obama by tying him to the Rev. Jeremiah Wright, the controversial pastor whose church Obama attended in Chicago. A consensus was reached quickly: Such attacks are out of bounds. Mitt Romney’s campaign manager, Matt Rhoades, said in a statement, “It’s clear President Obama’s team is running a campaign of character assassination. We repudiate any efforts on our side to do so.” That wasn’t enough for the Obama campaign. Campaign manager Jim Messina fumed in a statement, “Once again, Governor Romney has fallen short of the standard that John McCain set, reacting tepidly in a moment that required moral leadership in standing up to the very extreme wing of his own party.” By early afternoon, even Joe Ricketts, the billionaire who was funding the yet-to-be-approved campaign, had disavowed it.

But why?

The argument that Wright can’t be discussed seems to rest on three premises. First is the Obama campaign’s version, which seems to commit the logical fallacy of begging the question: It’s immoral because it’s immoral. Second, the Obamans and others contend that because John McCain refused to make Wright an issue, it must inherently be wrong to do so. Third, old-school political gentlemen’s agreements frown on attacks on religion (as well as families). And underlying all of this is a suggestion that Wright can’t be discussed because any conversation about him is inherently racist.

Plainly, none of these is convincing. Guilt-by-association arguments are weak. But no one disputes that Obama was a member of Wright’s congregation at Trinity United Church of Christ. The title of Obama’s book The Audacity of Hope was taken from a Wright sermon. Candidate Obama felt the connection was close enough that he had to address it, something he did in his Philadelphia speech on race in American, widely hailed as one of his finest.

That speech is also a powerful retort to the idea that discussing race is automatically racist. Wright and Obama have both — in their own, very different ways — called on America to discuss race more openly, without sweeping old fissures and disagreements under the carpet. There’s a very real danger that conversations about Wright will culminate in racism, but it’s not automatic, it’s not necessary, and it’s not sufficient reason to abandon all discussion of racial politics in the U.S. Furthermore, contrary to popular perceptions, Wright’s most controversial statements — “God damn America” and a claim that 9/11 represented “America’s chickens … coming home to roost” — actually referred specifically to excessive incarceration and U.S. foreign policy, not to exclusively African-American concerns.

How about religion? Is it categorically off limits? Perhaps it was at one time. Just as the Romney campaign condemned the new proposal, the Obama campaign has ruled out any attack on Romney’s religion. But just as an outside group developed this ad, other Democrats have brought up Mormonism — most recently Montana Gov. Brian Schweitzer. Moreover, religion has become a linchpin of campaigns over the last four decades. Since the election of evangelical Jimmy Carter and the rise of the Moral Majority, candidates have frequently dwelled on religion; if it’s part of the discourse, it’s part of the discourse. And the Wright-Obama link is hardly unique. In 2008, John McCain rejected the endorsement of John Hagee, a pastor described as anti-Catholic and anti-Semitic.

Nor is this Wright’s first appearance in 2012. In February, Romney himself brought Wright up during a radio appearance with Sean Hannity. What’s the difference here? And what is a legitimate attack on someone’s record, and what is “character assassination,” as Rhoades described the Ricketts ad? Why is it OK to suggest that Barack Obama is unpatriotic, apologizes for America, and doesn’t believe in American exceptionalism — but not acceptable to tie him to someone who is accused of being unpatriotic and not believing in American exceptionalism?

The problem with disqualifying the Wright stuff is that it’s unclear where the bright line is. When does discussion of religion tip into forbidden territory? How close does one have to be before guilt-by-association comes into play? Many people may have suggestions, but all of them will be arbitrary. Some (non-racist!) voters believe that the fact that Obama went to Wright’s church proves a fundamental point about his character, just as some voters are convinced that the fact that Romney drove to Canada with a dog tied to his car proves a fundamental and equally negative point about his character.

While the moral case against using Wright is weak, there are three strong pragmatic reasons Republicans might want to resist bringing him back into the debate.

Most sensitively, there’s the danger of race-baiting discussed above. While many Americans might take issue with Wright’s views, there’s a large gap between him and a black nationalist like Louis Farrakhan.

There’s also a high likelihood of falsehood. While no one disputes that Wright made the two comments above — they came from sermon transcripts sold by his church — Obama was apparently not present for either of them. Suggesting otherwise is at best unsupported and at worst lying.

Most importantly from a political standpoint, it’s unclear whether an attack based on the Rev. Wright would be politically beneficial. John McCain’s campaign considered it in 2008 and even created an ad criticizing Obama for not leaving Wright’s church, but then decided not to air it. An independent Republican PAC created an ad of its own and aired it, but McCain attacked the spot. Wilson told BuzzFeed he thinks the ad could have been effective if not for McCain undercutting it, but he says it’s now too late to profit from the story: Voters already know about and have made their decisions about Wright and Obama. There’s not much room to sway them.

Not only might the ad fail to hurt Obama, it could blow back on Romney. Part of that has to do with the Republican nominee’s particular vulnerabilities as a candidate. As McKay Coppins put it, Romney’s campaign — still sensitive about the Mormon question — “doesn’t want to get into a flame war over religion, even by proxy.”

But some of it applies to all politicians. Remember how those gentlemen’s agreements covered religion and family? To see a good example of how attacks on family can still backfire, look at l’affaire Hilary Rosen. Democrats were on a roll, blasting the supposed Republican “War on Women,” until Rosen questioned Ann Romney’s work ethic because she was a stay-at-home mom. The reaction was fast and fierce; the Obama campaign disavowed her remarks; Rosen herself apologized multiple times; and Democrats’ momentum evaporated. Even though the White House had no part in starting the flap, Obama was still hurt by it.

The incident shows that old taboos still have some power, and the danger for Romney is that he could be caught in the same pattern of crossfire. To get a sense of who might be most energized about the Wright story, consider this: As of 2:45 p.m. Thursday, left-leaning MSNBC had mentioned the Ricketts ad more than three times as often as either right-leaning Fox News or centrist CNN.

That’s reason enough to steer way clear of the Wright story. Doing so may very well be the wisest path. But it’s not the only morally justifiable one.
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Mitt Romney on Thursday condemned plans by Republican strategists and a billionaire investor to run a $10 million advertising campaign linking President Barack Obama to the Rev. Jeremiah Wright, Obama’s incendiary former pastor.

“I repudiate that effort,” Romney told reporters at an impromptu news conference Thursday in Jacksonville, Fla. “I think it’s the wrong course for a PAC or a campaign.”

At the same time, Romney stood by remarks made in February on Sean Hannity’s radio show that Obama wanted to make America “a less Christian nation.”

“I’m not familiar, precisely, with exactly what I said, but I stand by what I said, whatever it was,” Romney said.

A report Thursday in The New York Times about the Wright proposal put Romney on the defensive on a day his campaign had hoped to trumpet its fundraising parity with Obama in April. Romney sought to turn the tables Thursday afternoon by accusing Obama of running a campaign based on personal attacks.

“I’ve been disappointed in the president’s campaign to date, which has been about character assassination,” Romney said, adding that an ad by the Obama campaign about his work at Bain Capital was meant to suggest that “I’m not a good person, or a good guy.”

The Times reported Thursday on a detailed plan to be financed by Joe Ricketts, the billionaire founder of TD Ameritrade and patriarch of the family that owns the Chicago Cubs, to use Wright’s “black liberation” rhetoric
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against the president, who attended Wright’s church for years. The plan was presented to the Ending Spending Action Fund, a super PAC run by Ricketts.

By Thursday afternoon, Ricketts had formally rejected the idea. A spokesman said it had never been Ricketts’ idea in the first place, though documents obtained by the Times showed that Ricketts was more than a passing participant.

Authors of the 54-page proposal to Ricketts wrote that “with your preliminary approval at the New York meeting, we have discussed this plan in highly confidential terms with the following proposed team members.”

“All are ready to jump into action upon plan approval,” the proposal said.

(The list includes the radio host Larry Elder as a spokesman, the Republican media veteran Fred Davis, his deputy Brian Nick, the pollster Whit Ayres and several others.)

Brian Baker, a spokesman for Ricketts, said in a statement that his boss was “neither the author nor the funder of the so-called Ricketts Plan to defeat Mr. Obama.”

“Mr. Ricketts intends to work hard to help elect a president this fall who shares his commitment to economic responsibility, but his efforts are and will continue to be focused entirely on questions of fiscal policy, not attacks that seek to divide us socially or culturally,” Baker wrote.

He said his attackers appeared to be among 10 young men he passed by inside the station, and he warily watched them as he pumped gas.

“I’m just saddened that it has come to this,” Winans said. “This kind of nonsense just has to stop. It’s just the savageness of what’s happening in the street.”

He also believes his attackers didn’t recognize him. Winans is pastor of the 4,500-member Perfecting Church on Detroit’s east side. In February, he gave singer Whitney Houston’s eulogy.

“And if they did, it didn’t make much difference,” said Winans, who has been active in civic issues, including taking a stand against the proliferation of strip clubs in Detroit’s neighborhoods.
Detroit police said tonight they had arrested two youths in connection with Wednesday’s carjacking of prominent Detroit pastor and gospel singing star Marvin Winans.

They also said they’d located Winans’ luxury SUV, a deep-burgundy 2012 Infiniti QX56, and that it was in “good condition” in weeds next to an abandoned house.

Police would not say today whether they are seeking other suspects.

On Wednesday, police said Winans told them that “three or four” youths punched and kicked him to the pavement before making off with his $15,000 gold-and-diamond-encrusted Rolex Presidential-model watch, his iPhone, his Louis Vuitton wallet containing $200, his gold-metallic briefcase, and the vehicle.

Winans’ trousers were ripped apart when the youths rolled him over on the pavement and tore at his clothing to grab his wallet, he told investigators.

Winans, 54, who is pastor of the 3,000-member Perfecting Church in Detroit, had bumps and scrapes, but was not seriously injured in the incident, police said.

None of the youths showed or implied a weapon in the assault, police said.

Anyone with information can call the Detroit Police 10th Precinct anytime at 313-596-1000.
DETROIT (WXYZ) – Pastor Marvin Winans’ SUV remains missing as of Thursday morning and so do the men who punched, kicked and robbed the famous gospel singer.

Winans was pumping gas Wednesday afternoon at a Detroit Citgo station on the corner of Linwood and Davison when at least two men ambushed him.

STORY UPDATE: Detroit Police say Pastor Winans was attacked by a carjacking gang

The carjackers took his deep purple Infiniti QX56 SUV, a couple hundred dollars in cash and his watch.

The legendary pastor is well known in Detroit and for his family’s gospel music. Winans recently gained attention when he gave the eulogy at Whitney Houston’s funeral . He told 7 Action News that he did not believe his attackers recognized him.

Pastor Winans said he felt something was wrong when he came out of the gas station’s convenience store.

He said several men followed him out and assaulted him while he was pumping gas.

They robbed him, punched him and even ripped off his pants. Pastor Winans says he’s OK, but is more saddened that it has come to this.

“This kind of nonsense just has to stop,” he said Wednesday afternoon. “It’s just the savageness of what’s happening in the streets. We just have to take a look at ourselves and say this has to stop,” said Pastor Winans.

Winans went to a hospital Wednesday night to have his hand examined following the incident.

His left hand was bandaged as Pastor Winans spoke to WXYZ’s Carolyn Clifford during an interview late Wednesday night.

“Given the gravity of the situation, it was minor,” said Winans of the injuries he sustained to his hand. He said his finger would remain bandaged for about eight weeks.

Winans said he was disturbed that this happened “in the middle of the afternoon” and, at first, “nobody came to help.”

In February, security cameras at another Detroit gas station recorded video of an 86-year-old man who was carjacked as others passed by and ignored him .

“Your life has to be bigger than sitting in a gas station and robbing innocent people,” Winans said in a message to his carjackers during the interview Wednesday night.

Earlier this week, Detroit police told 7 Action News about a new trend in carjacking incidents in the city. They said some carjackers were using prostitutes to setup and distract victims .

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Lisa Marie Presley was born at Baptist Memorial Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee, exactly nine months after her parents’ wedding.[3] She lived at Graceland, Elvis’ Memphis estate, until her parents separated in 1972.[4] Following their separation and subsequent divorce, she divided her time between living at Graceland with her father and in Beverly Hills with her mother.[5] This arrangement continued until her father died on August 16, 1977, after which she lived exclusively in Beverly Hills.[6]

When her father died, Lisa Marie became joint-heir to his estate with her grandfather Vernon Presley, and her great grandmother Minnie Mae Presley.[7] Following the deaths of Vernon in 1979 and Minnie Mae in 1980, Lisa became the sole heir and inherited Graceland.[7] In 1993, on her 25th birthday, she inherited the estate, which had grown to an estimated $100 million.[8]
[edit] Music career

On April 8, 2003, Presley released her debut album, To Whom It May Concern. It reached #5 on the Billboard 200 albums chart and was certified gold in June 2003. Presley wrote all the lyrics (except “The Road Between”, which was co-written with Gus Black) and co-wrote every melody. To promote it, she presented a concert in the UK. The album’s first single, “Lights Out”, reached #18 on the Billboard Hot Adult Top 40 chart and #16 on the UK charts.[9] Lisa collaborated with Billy Corgan of the Smashing Pumpkins for a track called “Savior” which the two co-wrote together; this was included as the b-side.

LA Times critic Robert Hilburn reviewed Presley’s debut album. He said, “The music on her new album, has a stark, uncompromising tone” and “Presley’s gutsy blues-edged voice has a distinctive flair.”[10]

Her second album, released April 5, 2005 Now What, reached # 9 on the Billboard 200 albums chart. It was certified gold in November 2005. Presley co-wrote 10 songs and recorded covers of Don Henley’s “Dirty Laundry” (the album’s first single, which hit #36 on the Billboard 100 AC singles chart),[9] and the Ramones’ “Here Today and Gone Tomorrow”. The song “Idiot” is a jab towards different men in her life. Unlike her first album, Now What included a Parental Advisory sticker. Both albums, as of 2006, have been certified platinum. Presley covers Blue Öyster Cult’s “Burnin’ for You” as a b-side. Pink makes a guest appearance on the track “Shine.”

The new album her third Storm & Grace which Presley has been working on is set to come out this May 15, 2012. “It’s much more of a rootsy record, organic record, than my previous work.” It is produced by Oscar and Grammy-winner T-Bone Burnett.[11]

Spinner.com observed: “Presley has made the strongest album of her career in the upcoming Storm & Grace. It’s a moody masterpiece, exploring the demons and angels of her life to the tune of country-spiced downbeat pop.”[12]

“Storm & Grace is the album she was born to make — a raw, powerful country, folk and blues collection that finds her embracing her Southern roots and family name,” said Rolling Stone. Entertainment Weekly praised the “smoky, spooky” single “You Ain’t Seen Nothing Yet”.[13]
[edit] Collaborations

Pat Benatar and Lisa Marie Presley performed at the VH1 Divas Duets, a concert to benefit the VH1 Save the Music Foundation held at the MGM Grand Garden Arena on May 22, 2003 in Las Vegas. Together they sang Benetar’s hit, “Heartbreaker” which Presley frequently performed at her own concerts on tours afterward.[14]

Also in 2003 Presley contributed a recording of Silent Night for The NBC Holiday Collection, Sounds of the Season. Other artists singing on this collection include Kylie Minogue, Coldplay, Michael Bublé, Carly Simon, and Bonnie Raitt.

In 2006 a documentary about Johnny Ramone of the rock group the Ramones was released called Too Tough to Die: A Tribute to Johnny Ramone. Directed by Mandy Stein, the film shows Deborah Harry, The Dickies, X, Eddie Vedder, Lisa Marie, and The Red Hot Chili Peppers as they stage a benefit concert to celebrate the Ramones’ 30th anniversary and to raise money for cancer research.[15]

In August 2007 the single “In the Ghetto” was released. Elvis Presley originally released the single in 1969. In the new version, Lisa “duets” with her father. The video, simultaneously released with the single, reached #1 on the iTunes sales and #16 on Billboard’s Bubbling Under Hot 100 singles chart.[16] The song was recorded to commemorate the thirtieth anniversary of her father’s death. Lisa Marie said she decided not only to sing, but to sing with him. “I wanted to use this for something good,” she told Spinner, so she filmed the video in New Orleans. Proceeds from the video and single benefited a new Presley Place Transitional Housing Campus there.[17] Lisa Marie appeared on the Oprah Winfrey Show to perform the song with the Harlem Gospel Choir, using vintage footage of her father.[18]

In October 2009 she joined singer Richard Hawley on stage in London. She sang vocals on a song the pair had been working on called “Weary”.[19] Hawley wants to help Presley relaunch her music career, and the two have embarked on a songwriting partnership in which Lisa writes the lyrics and Hawley the music. In an interview with Oprah Winfrey, Presley said that she is currently recording a new album in London due to be released in 2011.[20][21]

T-Bone Burnett on collaborating with Presley on Storm & Grace (2012) “When songs from Lisa Marie Presley showed up at my door, I was curious. I wondered what the daughter of an American revolutionary music artist had to say. What I heard was honest, raw, unaffected and soulful. I thought her father would be proud of her. The more I listened to the songs, the deeper an artist I found her to be. Listening beyond the media static, Lisa Marie Presley is a Southern American folk music artist of great value,” said Burnett.[22]
[edit] Music videos

In 1997 Lisa Marie made a video of Don’t Cry Daddy where she sings it as a duet with her dad. This video was presented on August 16, 1997, at the tribute concert that marked the 20th anniversary of Elvis’ death. The video has Elvis’ original vocal to which new instrumentation and Lisa Marie’s vocals were added, the recording was not for commercial use. The song created a renewed interest in her as a recording artist. It displayed the huskey timbre in her voice.[23]

Lisa Marie’s video for her debut single “Lights Out” premiered in February 2003. Directed by Francis Lawrence, the video was from her album To Whom it May Concern.[24] Her second video from that album was directed by Barnaby Roper and shot in New York for the song “Sinking In”.[24]

On Presley’s second album in 2005, her first single and video was for a cover of Don Henley’s “Dirty Laundry”. The video was directed by Patrick Hoelck and singer George Michael made a cameo appearance in it. Patrick Hoelck teamed with Lisa Marie for her second video from that album for the song “Idiot” and shot the video in downtown Los Angeles. Through the video Lisa follows a woman through the streets. We never see her face until the end, when she gets in a cab with Lisa, putting her face to face with another version of herself.

Presley teamed up with Director Tony Kaye (American History X) one more time for the video of ‘In The Ghetto.’ Lisa Marie Presley filmed the video ‘In the Ghetto’, featuring her late father Elvis, in hurricane-ravaged New Orleans. All proceeds from the video and single went to benefit a new Presley Place transitional housing campus there. “I wanted to use this for something good,” Lisa Marie told Spinner of the posthumous duet.[25]

In 2006 Presley was asked to take part in a video of Johnny Cash’s “God’s Gonna Cut You Down”. Rick Rubin produced the record and Tony Kaye directed the video which featured Lisa Marie Presley, Iggy Pop, Kanye West, Chris Martin, Kris Kristofferson, Flea, Chris Rock, Justin Timberlake, Sheryl Crow, Dennis Hopper, Bono, Shelby Lynne, Jay Z, Keith Richards and Johnny Depp won a 2008 Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video.[26]

Presley appeared in Michael Jackson’s ‘You Are Not Alone’ video in June 1995, directed by Wayne Isham.[24]
[edit] Activism

On September 26, 2002, Lisa Marie Presley addressed a Congressional hearing in opposition to the use of medication in treating ADHD, stating: “I have spoken to children who have been forced to take a cocaine-like stimulant to control their behavior; I have shared their sense of sheer desperation. Children have been wrenched from their family’s care simply because their parents favored an alternative, drug-free approach to addressing educational and behavioral problems. The psychotropic drugging of millions of children has to stop.” Ms. Presley, addressing the Committee as the International Spokesperson for Children’s Rights, for the Citizens Commission on Human Rights (CCHR), addressed this lack of information provided parents: “I want to emphasize looking for drug free answers. Only by looking for alternatives to drugs will parents discover for themselves the numerous simple, workable and drug-free answers to the problems of attention, behavior and learning. A child could suffer from allergies, lead poisoning, eyesight or hearing problems, or be simply in need of tutoring, or something even more basic than that—phonics. Instead of supporting what is drug pushing, our governments, schools and doctors must ensure that all—not carefully selected—information is made available to parents in order for them to make an informed choice about their child’s educational and medical needs”.[27]

In December 2004 President Bush signed legislation prohibiting forced psychiatric drugging of schoolchildren and Presley applauded Congress for passing precedent-setting legislation that bans school personnel from forcing parents to drug their children for classroom or behavioral problems.[28]

On September 6, 2006, Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg Proclaimed MAC Viva Glam Day in New York City with Spokespeople Lisa Marie Presley, Eve and Dita Von Teese.[29] All monies raised from the sale of the MAC Viva Glam lipstick went to the MAC AIDS Fund.
[edit] Charity work and humanitarian efforts
Leap Logo

In October 1997, Presley along with friend and fellow Memphian Isaac Hayes, opened the Literacy, Education and Ability Program (LEAP). LEAP is a free program for children and people of all ages in Memphis, Tennessee. LEAP provides effective educational services and materials that help people learn how to learn and study effectively and thereby have the ability to achieve their goals and realize their full potential.

The Elvis Presley Charitable Foundation* (EPCF) was formed by Graceland/Elvis Presley Enterprises, Inc. in 1984 to continue Elvis’ own tradition of generosity and community service and to honor his memory. The EPCF is overseen by Lisa Marie Presley, chairperson, and the management team of Graceland/Elvis Presley Enterprises, Inc. In 2001, Presley Place opened to its first residents. Presley Place provides homeless families up to one year of rent-free housing, child day care, career and financial counseling, family management guidance and other tools to help them break the cycle of poverty and regain self-esteem and independence. Also funded by the EPCF is the Elvis Presley Music Room, where the youngsters of Presley Place and other may enjoy access to musical instruments and instruction and participate in special related programs. The EPCF created the Elvis Presley Endowed Scholarship Fund at the College of Communication & Fine Arts at the University of Memphis to assist students majoring in areas of the arts. “All of us with the EPCF and Elvis Presley Enterprises are extremely proud of this amazing facility,” stated Presley. “The work that MIFA does truly has an impact on peoples’ lives and we look forward to this collaboration.”
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This article or section reads like a news release, or is otherwise written in an overly promotional tone. Please help by either rewriting this article from a neutral point of view or by moving this article to Wikinews. When appropriate, blatant advertising may be marked for speedy deletion with {{db-spam}}. (December 2011)

The Presley Charitable Foundation is a non-profit philanthropic organization dedicated to improving people’s lives with real solutions. Created by Lisa Marie Presley in August 2007, the first endeavor of the Presley Charitable Foundation will be Presley Place-New Orleans; a transitional housing facility for homeless families. The foundation provides the following services: rent-free housing, child day care, career and financial counseling, family management guidance and other tools to help them break the cycle of poverty helping residents to regain their self-esteem and independence.[30]

Presley joined Oprah Winfrey and her Angel Network and was active in the relief efforts after hurricane Katrina devastated New Orleans and surrounding areas. Presley gave a helping hand in Memphis, Tennessee. “I’m here,” she said, “because I definitely needed to do something, and it just so happens this is where I’m from. I’m going to do everything I can. People need help—this is a huge catastrophe and everyone needs to stand up.” Her first stop was a food bank, where, with the help of FedEx and Kroger, Lisa Marie loaded a truck with groceries. Then it was time for a pit stop at Target for toiletries and clothes. “I thought I was going to grab a couple things at the store,” Presley said, “and I ended up filling up a truck. I went a little crazy.” Presley’s final destination was the Grand Casino Convention Center in Mississippi to distribute the supplies to people who had lost everything. One evacuee said, “I really appreciate everything Ms. Presley is doing for us. We have nothing, so we’re very grateful for everything she’s doing”.[31]

In 2011, Presley became a patron of the Dream Factory, a charity based in Hainault.[32] Presley was one of the celebrity guests at the Snowball held at the Prince Regent in Chigwell in aid of the Dream Factory. Actors Ray Winstone and Sid Owen, who are both patrons of the charity, and Amanda Redman were also among guests at the star-studded event, which raised £59,000 towards granting the wishes of terminally ill children and those with life-threatening illnesses or disabilities. Organizer Avril Mills said: “We have granted 83 dreams in under three years, so the money is going to go towards a lot more dreams. It costs between £500 and £5,000 for a dream. Lisa Marie Presley was very nice and she now wants to become a patron of the charity. We talked about the charity and she brought a big framed picture of Elvis, which she got flown over for The Dream Factory from Graceland, and that raised £7,000.”[33]
[edit] Grammy Foundation

On June 6, 2004 Presley was on hand as Grammy Foundation in partnership with 7-UP named Long Beach Polytechnic High School a Gold Grammy Signature School on at Scottish Rite Cathedral in Long Beach, California. Created in 1998, the GRAMMY Signature Schools program recognizes top U.S. public high schools that are making an outstanding commitment to music education during an academic school year. Presley presented the custom award and a monetary grant to benefit the school’s music program. On October 22, 2005 Presley presented a special award to Isaac Hayes at the Memphis Recording Academy Honors. A host of hometown stars gathered to see Presley, Justin Timberlake, Isaac Hayes and David Porter honored by the Memphis chapter of the Recording Academy. Presley and music producer Jimmy Jam presented the award to Hayes.[34]

On November 11, 2005, Presley participated in a GRAMMY SoundCheck at LA’s House of Blues, during which she and other industry professionals met with a group of music students to discuss career opportunities available to them within the music industry.[35]

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After years of living away from the lights and cameras of Hollywood , Lisa Marie Presley is back with the new, emotionally raw album “Storm and Grace” – and she’s having to learn to trust all over again.

“I went through a huge transition in my life where everything and everyone I knew and trusted didn’t turn out to be that way. People that were in my life for a long time turned sinister and tried to control me and all kinds of weird stuff happened. But there was no conscience involved, that threw me more than anything,” she told FOX411’s Pop Tarts column. “ After that experience I had a really bad view of humans and I didn’t want to feel that way so I moved to the middle of nowhere, to the countryside in England … I enjoy coming back to L.A now because I’m not living in it. I have tons of fun, because I know I can leave.”

Presley’s true home, she says, will always be that sprawling estate in Memphis, Tenn. – otherwise known as Graceland.

“It’s really comforting to go there, and familiar. I feel like I can exhale, it’s safe and it’s very grounding. It just feels like it is my home,” she continued. “And my kids love it. The big ones love it because the food is incredible and the people are so sweet, they love eating dinner at Graceland. The little ones are all over it too; they say their favorite place is Memphis.”

The songstress shot her mystical, black and white album cover for “Storm and Grace,” which hits stands this week, on her father’s famous property – and even that was a walk on the wild side.

“We shot it in the forest next door to Graceland which I was never allowed into as a child, it was open public property and people would always be lurking around and looking over the fence and it was always dangerous,” Presley recalled. “Now that it is part of the actual property it was fun for us to go out there and blow smoke and walk through the trees and be free in the forbidden forest.”

Speaking of her childhood, growing up Lisa Marie never really understood her father Elvis’s level of fame and unfathomable influence on the music industry.

“I don’t think I ever really processed what was happening, I just knew that he did that, that’s what my father did. I didn’t think of it as a business or how any of that would work,” she explained. “I have loved music so much from when I was little and I don’t know whether it was because I saw my dad doing it and then I got the idea, I don’t know what came first… But I always had a hairbrush in the mirror singing. I was always with him backstage; I would go out and be pulled in for the last song.”

Presley released two pop-esque albums in 2003 and 2005, but she said the much darker “Storm and Grace” epitomizes who she really is and what she really stands for. And laying herself bare is absolutely worth it, she adds.

“I was a little over-saturated and tapped out creatively after the last two records. I have always been a singer/songwriter and I was pushed in places I didn’t want to do, like pop or top forty. I don’t belong there. I don’t want to dress like a sex pot to try to get attention and sing on-stage, that is not who I am,” she added. “I am proud of this record. It is raw and vulnerable. It is nerve-wracking, it is a bit like putting a target on your head and saying ‘go ahead and shoot me,’ but music is important in this world and I am willing to do whatever it takes.
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American Idol, “The Search for a Superstar” is in it’s eleventh season and tonight’s finalists and fans will be on the edge of their seats as this years winner will be chosen. Finalists, Joshua Ledet, Phillip Phillips and Jessica Sanchez will be entertained by two guest singers that will inevitably arouse the crowd. These stars rose from different paths and might be a omen for the future direction of American Idol: the battle of the progeny of music verses the stand-out newbie.

Lisa Marie Presley performs “You Ain’t Seen Nothin’ Yet,” from her new album Storm & Grace. Her crooning brings out what reminds us of the King of Rock and Roll Elvis Presley: the pouty mouth and the flashing eyes that pulls in the screaming females. Perhaps Prestley even has a bit of her father’s swagger. She was born in style and fame and from birth has an in with the music world because of nostalgia and her last name. But this ultimately doesn’t produce her own signature to stand out among all the singers who compete with the constant Justin Bieber Syndrome.

Then, season eight Idol runner-up Adam Lambert is scheduled to sing his new hit single, “Never Close Our Eyes”. This is from his album Trespassing with it’s EDM beat, multi-track and in-vogue style. But the excitement and attention of American Idol backs him up with it’s rags to riches drama. This is because America warms at the idea that the boy they see every day has become a household name. Now they have the opportunity to brag of the connection.

The two stars do have a connection however: Presley may be Daddy’s little girl; but Lambert sports a resemblance to the King himself, even without the hair. In the end, reminiscence works for either one of the artists.

First it was Sheldon Adelson, a casino mogul who helped finance Newt Gingrich’s presidential ambitions. Then it was Foster Friess, a multimillionaire with the propensity for off-color jokes who threw his money behind Rick Santorum.

The latest wealthy businessman to grab headlines in this year’s presidential contest is someone less splashy, who made a splash on Thursday nonetheless: Joe Ricketts, the low-key founder of Omaha-based TD Ameritrade, emerged in connection with a plan to blitz the airwaves with provocative attacks on President Obama.

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A billionaire philanthropist with a particular interest in opposing earmarks, Ricketts had previously played a bit part on the political scene. But he took an unflattering turn in the spotlight Thursday with a New York Times article that said a report he commissioned detailed how his super PAC, Ending Spending, could put $10 million toward an ad campaign about Obama and the Rev. Jeremiah A. Wright Jr., his controversial former pastor.

Ricketts and his family, which owns the Chicago Cubs and includes in its ranks a high-profile Obama fundraiser, moved quickly Thursday to disavow the racially charged idea.

“Not only was this plan merely a proposal — one of several submitted to the Ending Spending Action Fund by third-party vendors — but it reflects an approach to politics that Mr. Ricketts rejects, and it was never a plan to be accepted but only a suggestion for a direction to take,” Brian Baker, president of the fund, said in a statement.

The dust-up highlights a danger for presidential campaigns in the era of super PACs, which have made it easier for wealthy individuals and corporations to spend freely on campaigns. Although the candidates may reap the benefits of that spending, they also face the risk that the groups or their donors will go rogue, pursuing lines of attack that reflect on them negatively.

Romney was forced repeatedly Thursday to comment on the proposal — overseen by GOP ad man Fred Davis — which derided Obama as a “metrosexual, black Abe Lincoln.”

“I want to make it very clear: I repudiate that effort,” Romney told reporters in Florida. “I think it’s the wrong course for a PAC or a campaign. I hope that our campaigns can respectively be about the future and about issues and about vision for America.”

Liberals seized on the incident, with the group Americans United calling for a boycott of Ameritrade “until they publicly call on Ricketts to shut down his hate-spewing super PAC.”

The incident highlighted the relatively private Ricketts, 70, who has recently increased his participation in conservative politics and is poised to play a significant role in the 2012 election.

Ricketts has an unusual profile for a rising political player, with little in his résuméto suggest that he favors controversial or attention-getting tactics.

A former Democrat who became a Republican, he later renounced all party affiliation to become an independent. His daughter, Laura, is a lesbian activist and prominent bundler for Obama; she raised about half a million dollars for the president.
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Joe Ricketts, an up-by-the-bootstraps billionaire whose varied holdings include a name-brand brokerage firm in Omaha, a baseball team in Chicago, herds of bison in Wyoming and a start-up news Web site in New York, wanted to be a player in the 2012 election. On Thursday he was, though not in the way he had intended.
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A storyboard for a proposed ad linking President Obama to the incendiary statements of the Rev. Jeremiah A. Wright Jr.

Word that Mr. Ricketts had considered bankrolling a $10 million advertising campaign linking President Obama to the incendiary race-infused statements of his former pastor, the Rev. Jeremiah A. Wright Jr., brought waves of denunciation from Mitt Romney, the Obama campaign and much of the rest of the political world.

Highlighting the perils of mixing partisan politics and corporate citizenship, the reverberations also swept through the Ricketts family’s business empire.

Liberal groups encouraged like-minded investors to drop their accounts with TD Ameritrade, the brokerage firm Mr. Ricketts founded. His family’s plan to seek public financing for improvements to Wrigley Field, home of their baseball team, the Chicago Cubs, ran into new political opposition. And he was forced to write a letter to reporters at his New York news organization, DNAinfo.com, assuring them he believed that “my personal politics should have absolutely no impact on your work.”

By early afternoon, Mr. Ricketts had announced that he had rejected the ad campaign as out of keeping with his own political style, a day after his aides indicated that it was still under consideration.

The episode all but ensured that Republicans would remain under intense pressure not to invoke Mr. Wright’s provocative statements so directly for the balance of the campaign. And, in a year when the loosened system of campaign finance regulations is encouraging wealthy individuals to weigh in on behalf of candidates and causes, Mr. Ricketts became a case study in the risks of political neophytes with big checkbooks seeking to play at the highest and roughest levels of politics.

After a storied career, Mr. Ricketts, 70, set out to break into the exclusive but growing new fraternity of megarich, conservative “super PAC” donors, people willing — and permitted as never before — to pour millions of dollars into influencing an election. He has seemed motivated primarily by his belief that government spending is out of control and that Mr. Obama cannot be trusted to rein in the deficit and reduce the national debt.

But associates acknowledged that his experience on Thursday, when a confidential proposal for the Wright campaign became public in The New York Times, helped hammer home the high stakes of his decision to initiate discussions with some of the most seasoned and aggressive strategists in Republican politics about going after Mr. Obama in a high-profile way.

The proposal was drafted under the leadership of Fred Davis, a veteran political advertising strategist who worked for the presidential campaigns of George W. Bush, John McCain and, most recently, former Gov. Jon M. Huntsman Jr. of Utah.

In a statement on Thursday, a spokesman for Mr. Ricketts said the plan Mr. Davis’s team submitted was “merely a proposal” and “reflects an approach to politics that Mr. Ricketts rejects and it was never a plan to be accepted but only a suggestion for a direction to take.”

The president and general counsel of the Ending Spending Political Action Fund, Brian Baker, said through a spokesman that the plan was submitted to a group that included him and two of Mr. Ricketts’s sons at a meeting in Chicago last week. “I was surprised and troubled by what I saw,” he said. “It was not what we asked for.”

But on Wednesday, when Mr. Baker was asked in an interview whether Mr. Ricketts had rejected the advertising proposal, he said only that no decisions had been made.

A page in the proposal about potential staff members for the effort says, “With your preliminary approval at the New York meeting, we have discussed this plan in highly confidential terms with the following proposed team members,” who, it says, are “ready to jump into action upon plan approval.”

Associates of Mr. Ricketts acknowledged that upon seeing a commercial Mr. Davis produced in 2008 for Mr. McCain featuring Mr. Wright, which Mr. McCain rejected, Mr. Ricketts said. “If the nation had seen that ad, they’d never have elected Barack Obama.” The quote was highlighted in the proposal.

Mr. Ricketts was shown the commercial at an initial meeting at Mr. Davis’s offices in California, which Mr. Ricketts requested as he sought to build a team of top Republican strategists to lead his foray into the presidential campaign. (Aides acknowledge that a second meeting followed in New York, where, they say, he gave Mr. Davis general directions to move ahead with a plan that would create maximum impact for $10 million but did not specifically approve one based on Mr. Wright.)

After retiring from Ameritrade’s board in 2011, Mr. Ricketts began putting more energy into philanthropy and politics, initially with a nonpartisan group Taxpayers Against Earmarks. After Congress banned earmarks, the group shifted into a debt-focused organization, Ending Spending. The effort Mr. Davis was working on would have been undertaken by the group’s political arm, the Ending Spending Action Fund.

Though newer to presidential politics, Mr. Ricketts has long been politically active in Nebraska. He was defeated in a local race for Republican Party chairman because he was seen as too moderate. He was a prolific donor to state candidates, investing money for ads that helped influence a United States Senate race this week.

Mr. Ricketts is described by friends as difficult to characterize politically.
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The long-shot prospect of taxpayer help to renovate Wrigley Field grew more remote Thursday, upended by revelations that the patriarch of the Chicago Cubs’ ownership team had been offered a plan for using a super PAC to run racially tinged attack ads that linked President Barack Obama to his former pastor, the Rev. Jeremiah Wright.

Joe Ricketts, the conservative billionaire founder of TD Ameritrade, whose family trust was used to buy the Cubs from Tribune Co., quickly sought to tamp down the controversy along with his children who run the day-to-day operations of the baseball club.

But the political damage was done.

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Mayor Rahm Emanuel, Obama’s former White House chief of staff, was furious.

“I don’t think that’s fitting in a campaign of any nature,” Emanuel said. “You can have disagreements without being disagreeable.”

“America is too great a country with too great a future with the content they are talking about,” added the mayor. “And it’s insulting to the president, it’s insulting to the country.”

Cubs Chairman Tom Ricketts phoned the mayor, but Emanuel didn’t return the call.

“He’s not interested in talking right now,” said a source close to Emanuel. The source was not authorized to speak publicly and asked not to be named.

About six weeks ago, Emanuel said he was in the “final stages” of talks with Cubs ownership over a public-private deal to help renovate an aging but historic sports shrine.

The idea already faced a tough time in Springfield, where Gov. Pat Quinn and lawmakers are struggling to agree on staggering cuts in taxpayer-supported human services and getting a handle on runaway public worker pension costs. Helping the wealthy Ricketts family was hardly a priority at the Capitol.

Then Thursday’s firestorm struck. The timing could not have been worse for the Ricketts family.

Emanuel was busy preparing for the NATO summit of world leaders in Chicago this weekend and did not want sideshows distracting from that. If Emanuel had planned to surface a Wrigley deal ahead of the Legislature’s May 31 adjournment deadline, he now can point to the Obama ad flap as reason to wait.

As first reported by The New York Times, the political consulting firm Strategic Perception Inc. last week pitched ideas to the super PAC for attack ads against the president that included a strategy of reviving Obama’s connections to Wright, who retired from Trinity United Church of Christ in Chicago in May 2008.

Obama was forced to distance and later disavow his relationship with Wright after the preacher’s inflammatory and often racially charged comments surfaced. Wright once said of the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the country, the “chickens are coming home to roost.”

Two of Joe Ricketts’ children, Pete and Todd Ricketts, both Cubs board members, were present for the meeting where the anti-Obama pitches occurred, according to a source close to the family who asked not to be named. Pete Ricketts, a member of the Republican National Committee, was a largely self-funded but unsuccessful candidate for the U.S. Senate in Nebraska in 2006.

The president of the Ending Spending Action Fund — the super PAC heavily funded by Joe Ricketts — said the ad proposal “reflects an approach to politics that Mr. Ricketts rejects and it was never a plan to be accepted but only a suggestion for a direction to take.”

Tom Ricketts noted in a statement that his father had repudiated the ad strategy, and added that he would not have “further comment on this or any other election year political issue. My full-time focus is on making the Chicago Cubs a World Series champion, preserving Wrigley Field and making the Chicago Cubs a great corporate citizen.”

Joe Ricketts plays no role in the Cubs’ operation. But his desire to use his wealth to play an increasing role in conservative political causes has sometimes clashed with the Cubs’ business objectives.

He has long railed against government spending on pork-barrel projects, an irony given the Cubs ownership is trying to work out a deal with City Hall that would involve using $150 million in city amusement taxes to leverage a $300 million renovation of the National League’s oldest ballpark.

Joe Ricketts launched the super PAC in 2010 with $1.1 million in funds, federal records showed. It spent more than $254,000 in Tuesday’s Nebraska Republican U.S. Senate primary backing conservative state Sen. Deb Fischer, who won in an upset.

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WASHINGTON — Perhaps it wasn’t how he hoped to make a splash, but TD Ameritrade founder J. Joe Ricketts hit the political big time this week when The New York Times reported that the Wyoming-based billionaire had commissioned a plan for a super PAC ad campaign attacking President Barack Obama over his past association with the controversial Rev. Jeremiah Wright.

Although Ricketts has now renounced the effort — one document states his preliminary approval to draft it — and Fred Davis, the advertising maven who wrote up the plan, said it was just one of many not adopted, the proposed $10 million campaign has caused a furor.

Ricketts clearly has designs on joining that group of billionaires — like Sheldon Adelson, Charles and David Koch, and Harold Simmons — who are sweeping through the 2012 election as forces of their own nature.

He has already contributed more than a half-million dollars to super PACs in the 2012 cycle. The Campaign for Primary Accountability, which backs primary challengers to congressional incumbents, reported a $500,000 contribution, and Ricketts’ own super PAC, the Ending Spending Fund, spent $250,000 to support Senate candidate Deb Fischer in her victory in Tuesday’s Nebraska GOP primary.

Like many a staunch fiscal conservative, Ricketts is a self-made man. Born in Nebraska City, Neb., in 1941, he put himself through college, taking nine years to graduate from Creighton University while working to pay the bills.

In the 1970s, he co-founded the firm that would eventually become Ameritrade (later to merge with TD Waterhouse). The company was a pioneer in providing individual investors with the tools to trade, first through touch-tone phone services and later through the Internet with its well-known $8-a-trade offer.

As for Ricketts’ politics, he had shifted away from the Democratic Party he supported in his youth.

“I started my political life as a Kennedy Democrat, and Johnson pushed me out because he spent too much money,” Ricketts explained in a video announcing the launch of his Taxpayers Against Earmarks, the precursor group to the Ending Spending Fund.

Ricketts continued, “Reagan pulled me into the Republican Party, and [George W.] Bush pushed me out because he spent too much money.”

A staunch opponent of both partisanship and wasteful spending is how Ricketts portrays himself and his political activism. But theory doesn’t always conform to reality. Ricketts’ monomania about spending drives very one-sided giving.

Ricketts’ political contributions and his super PAC’s actions are those of a person strongly based in the Republican Party. Since 1989, he has contributed more than $2.25 million to candidates and political action committees at the federal and state level. Only $11,600 has gone to Democrats, the biggest recipient being Sen. Ben Nelson (D-Neb.) with $5,100.

The Ending Spending Fund judges lawmakers based on whether they support capping federal spending, a singular interest that puts it squarely in line with the Republican majority in the House of Representatives. The super PAC’s website characterizes lawmakers as “sheriffs” and “bandits.” Only five House Democrats and two Senate Democrats make the “sheriffs” list and only two House Republicans appear on the “bandits” side.

The group’s spending is even more telling. In 2010, the super PAC spent more than 90 percent of its funds attacking Democrats. Only $29,000 of the total $1.15 million went to ads trying unsuccessfully to save ousted Rep. Walt Minnick (D-Idaho), who had voted against practically every bill endorsed by the Democratic majority.

In the past, Ricketts’ anti-spending mantra had zeroed in on congressional earmarks and wasteful spending. “I think it’s a crime for our elected officials to borrow money today, to spend money today, and push the repayment of that loan out into the future on people who are not even born yet,” he said in the video announcing Taxpayers Against Earmarks.

The Ending Funding Fund defines earmarks as provisions “inserted in the text of a Congressional bill or report that allocates money or a tax benefit for a specific project, program, or organization, circumventing a merit-based or competitive allocation process.”

But Ricketts’ intense dislike of wasting taxpayer dollars, especially those not procured through a “merit-based or competitive allocation process,” didn’t exactly extend to his own business.

In 2009, the Ricketts family won a bidding war to purchase the Chicago Cubs baseball team from the Chicago Tribune Co. for nearly $1 billion. Within 12 months, the family was pushing the state of Illinois to borrow $300 million to revamp the famed Wrigley Field where the Cubs play. But the proposal has yet to be approved, and now Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel, former chief of staff to President Obama and a master of political hardball, has made it clear he’s incensed about the Rev. Wright ad proposal and what an aide called the Ricketts’ “blatant hypocrisy.”

Down in Arizona, the Ricketts were successful in obtaining taxpayer money to build a new Cubs spring training facility. The voters of Mesa approved a ballot initiative to provide $99 million in taxpayer funds in 2010.

Publicly funded stadium expansions are just the type of wasteful spending that an article in the magazine of the conservative American Enterprise Institute argued against in 2008. Ricketts sat on AEI’s board of trustees from 1999 to 2007.

Another area where Ricketts’ political activism may come up against his personal interests is in his newly burgeoning media business. DNAInfo.com is a hyper-local journalism project founded by Ricketts as an alternative to both the mainstream press and partisan outlets. Even if DNAInfo.com maintains its objective stance, its founder and CEO’s newfound political infamy has raised eyebrows.
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Singer Donna Summer has died after fighting a long battle with cancer. The five-time Grammy winner rose to the top of the charts during the 70s and arguably did more than anyone to make disco cool. NBC’s Rehema Ellis reports.
By Gael Fashingbauer Cooper

Disco legend Donna Summer died Thursday at age 63, reportedly after a battle with cancer.

“Early this morning, we lost Donna Summer Sudano, a woman of many gifts, the greatest being her faith,” the singer’s family said in a statement. “While we grieve her passing, we are at peace celebrating her extraordinary life and her continued legacy. Words truly can’t express how much we appreciate your prayers and love for our family at this sensitive time.”

TMZ was the first to report the singer’s death, and the site reports that she was recording an album at the time of her death.

The Grammy-winning singer, nicknamed the Queen of Disco, had numerous hits in both the 1970s and 1980s, including “Last Dance,” “She Works Hard for the Money” and “Bad Girls.”
Slideshow: Donna Summer: 1948-2012

Michael Ochs Archives / Getty Images

Launch slideshow

Her duet with Barbra Streisand, “No More Tears (Enough Is Enough)” was one of four Summer songs that topped the Billboard Top 100 charts.

“I was shocked to hear about Donna,” Streisand said in a statement. “She was so vital the last time I saw her a few months ago. I loved doing the duet with her. She had an amazing voice and was so talented.”

Summer was the first female artist to chart with back-to-back multi-platinum double albums.

She appeared in the 1978 film, “Thank God It’s Friday,” which won the best original song Oscar for “Last Dance.” Summer also appeared twice on the 1990s hit TV show “Family Matters,” playing Steve Urkel’s Aunt Oona from Altoona. In 2011, she was a guest judge on music reality show “Platinum Hit,” and she performed with the female finalists on the 2008 “American Idol” finale.

Summer won five Grammy Awards and six American Music Awards, and charted three multi-platinum albums.

In 2009, she sang at the Nobel Peace Prize Concert honoring President Barack Obama in Oslo, Norway.

In a statement released by the White House, Obama said: “Her voice was unforgettable, and the music industry has lost a legend far too soon. Our thoughts and prayers go out to Donna’s family and her dedicated fans.”

Musician Questlove of The Roots tweeted, “I know that the whole ‘disco sucks’ stuff left a bad taste in the mouths of some. But Summer’s work was really a credible legacy.”

Wrote Mario Lopez, “R.I.P Donna Summer … I remember roller skating to hits like ‘Last Dance’ ‘Hot Stuff’ & ‘Bad Girls.’ Synonymous with the 70’s.”

Summer was also a formally trained painter. In 2010, she told Atlantic City Weekly that she sold her first painting for $38,000 and thought, “I may want to stop singing now.” Summer estimated she had sold close to a million dollars worth of art.

She is survived by her husband, musician Bruce Sudano, three daughters, and four grandchildren.

What was your favorite Donna Summer song? Vote in our poll, and tell us on Facebook.
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What is your favorite Donna Summer song?

Related content:

* Video: Donna Summer sings ‘Hot Stuff’ in 2008 on TODAY
* Video: Donna Summer gives advice, sings ‘Stomp Your Feet’
* Video: Donna Summer sings ‘She Works Hard For the Money’ on TODAY
* Rolling Stone: 1978 cover story on Donna Summer
* theGrio slideshow: Donna Summer’s greatest songs
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Her family released a statement saying Summer had died and they “are at peace celebrating her extraordinary life and her continued legacy”.

The family did not disclose the cause of death, but reports said she had battled cancer. She had been living in Englewood, Florida, with her husband Bruce Sudano.

“Words truly can’t express how much we appreciate your prayers and love for our family at this sensitive time,” the statement said.

Summer came to prominence just as disco was burgeoning, and came to define the era with a string of No.1 hits and her luxurious hair and glossy, open lips.

Disco became as much defined by her sultry, sexual vocals – her bedroom moans and sighs – as the relentless, pulsing rhythms of the music itself.
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Elton John said in a statement that Summer was more than the Queen of Disco.

“Her records sound as good today as they ever did. That she has never been inducted into the Rock ‘n’ Roll Hall of Fame is a total disgrace, especially when I see the second-rate talent that has been inducted,” he said. “She is a great friend to me and to the Elton John AIDS Foundation and I will miss her greatly.”

Love to Love You Baby, with its erotic moans, was Summer’s first hit and one of the most scandalous songs of the polyester-and-platform-heel era. The song was later sampled by LL Cool J, Timbaland and Beyonce, who interpolated the hit for her jam Naughty Girl.

Unlike some other stars of disco who faded as the music became less popular, Summer was able to grow beyond it and later segued to a pop-rock sound. She had one of her biggest hits in the 1980s with She Works Hard for the Money, which became another anthem, this time for women’s rights.

Soon after, Summer became a born-again Christian and faced controversy when she was accused of making anti-gay comments in relation to the AIDS epidemic. Summer denied making the comments, but was the target of a boycott.

Summer, real name LaDonna Adrian Gaines, was born in 1948 in Boston. She was raised on gospel music and became the soloist in her church choir by age 10.

Love to Love You Baby, released in 1975, was her US chart debut and the first of 19 No.1 dance hits between 1975 and 2008 – second only to Madonna.

Singer Dionne Warwick said in a statement that she was sad to lose a great performer and “dear friend”.

“My heart goes out to her husband and her children,” Warwick said. “Prayers will be said to keep them strong.”

Musician Nile Rodgers tweeted: “For the last half hour or so I’ve been lying in my bed crying and stunned. Donna Summer RIP.”

Summer released her last album, Crayons, in 2008. It was her first full studio album in 17 years. She also performed on American Idol that year with its top female contestants.

In another sign of her continued relevance, the musical Priscilla Queen of the Desert features two versions of Summer songs with Hot Stuff and MacArthur Park.
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Donna Summer died Thursday after a battle with cancer. The 63-year-old Summer was known for her soaring voice and sensual purrs that made her a queen of disco when the genre was in its heyday in the 1970s. And it was a title she held well beyond those years.

A statement from her family called Summer “a woman of many gifts, the greatest being her faith.”

“While we grieve her passing, we are at peace celebrating her extraordinary life and her continued legacy,” according to the statement released by Universal Music, her record label. “Words truly can’t express how much we appreciate your prayers and love for our family at this sensitive time.”

PHOTOS: Donna Summer | 1948 – 2012

Summer had been living in Englewood, Fla., with her husband, Bruce Sudano.

She was a five-time Grammy winner. Although best remembered for her songs decades ago, Summer continued to tour and record, including a stint last year as a guest judge on the Bravo reality show “Platinum Hit.”

Born LaDonna Andrea Gaines in suburban Boston on New Year’s Eve, 1948, Summer was one of seven siblings in a church-attending family who encouraged studies and singing in equal measure.

An early fan of gospel singer Mahalia Jackson, Summer sang in a Boston rock band called Crow in the late 1960s, and left home for New York City at age 18 to find work on Broadway, which she did quickly by landing a role in a touring version of the hot Broadway show “Hair.”

She spent the next three years living and touring in Europe. There she met and married the singer Helmut Sommer, whose last name she adapted as her stage name.

While in Europe she also met Italian music producer Giorgio Moroder, whose early dance tracks were making an impact across Europe. Moroder and Summer started working together, resulting in their first hit, the seductive 17-minute-long dance floor epic “Love to Love You Baby.” On it, Summer moans in ecstasy throughout, seeming to climax with the music. A shortened version of it was released by then-hot label Casablanca in 1975, and peaked on the Billboard singles chart at No. 2.

That was the first of a string of songs that not only helped bring disco to the mainstream, but predicted the rise of both techno and house music. Among those were “I Feel Love,” “Bad Girls,” “She Works Hard for the Money” and “On the Radio.”

But unlike some other stars of disco who faded as the music became less popular, she was able to grow beyond it and later segued to a pop-rock sound. She had one of her biggest hits in the 1980s with “She Works Hard for the Money,” which became an anthem for women’s rights.

Soon after, Summer became a born-again Christian and faced controversy when she was accused of making anti-gay comments in relation to the AIDS epidemic. Summer denied making the comments but was the target of a boycott.

Still, even as disco went out of fashion she remained a fixture in dance clubs, endlessly sampled and remixed into contemporary dance hits.

Her last album, “Crayons,” was released in 2008 and marked her first full studio album in 17 years. She also performed on “American Idol” that year with its top female contestants.
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Donna Summer was typecast as the disco-era “bad girl,” the diva who was too salty and sexual for some radio stations to play in the ‘70s. But she was also a musical revolutionary, a versatile singer who created a radical new template for dance and pop music with such songs as “Love to Love You Baby” and “I Feel Love.”
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The singer died Thursday in Florida at age 63 of cancer.

* Greg Kot
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Summer, born LaDonna Adrian Gaines on Dec. 31, 1948 outside Boston, came from a devoutly Christian background, first singing in church before branching out into pop. In the late ’60s, she joined a psychedelic rock band strongly influenced by Janis Joplin, and then ventured to Europe, where she sang in musicals.

In the early ‘70s, she met the producers Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte while working as a backup singer in Germany, and they began forging one of the era’s great musical partnerships.

Their first success, “Love to Love You Baby,” ushered in the disco era in 1975, a 17-minute track with a pulsing, trance-like rhythm over which Summer cooed, cried and moaned. The track’s overtly erotic tone scared away some radio programmers, but an edited version became a pop hit anyway, and the extended version (among the first 12-inch singles) became a staple of dancefloors worldwide.

In a Tribune interview more than a decade later, Summer reflected on the image created by the song. “People didn’t think I could sing, because I was whispering,” she said. “And it was a persona … It was never something that I felt comfortable with. I struggled with it from the beginning … but it’s nothing I’m ashamed of.”

She escaped the one-hit wonder typecasting so prevalent in the disco era. Moroder, Bellotte and Neil Bogart, the president of her record label, Casablanca, put her in settings that showcased her as an artist with stunning vocal range. A succession of double-albums, side-long suites and extended tracks created a new type of progressive music, created largely with keyboards, that expanded on some of the innovations of electro-pop and avant-garde artists such as Kraftwerk.

In 1977, the producers and Summer collaborated on a concept album that surveyed several decades of music, “I Remember Yesterday.” Its “future” segment included the track “I Feel Love,” which lived up to the hype: hypnotic waves of synthesizer rhythm suggesting some kind of science-fiction metropolis, with Summer’s voice rising and falling as if riding the celestial highway’s curves. It was not only a No. 2 pop single, it would prove to have a lasting impact on music. Brian Eno, while in recording sessions in Berlin with David Bowie at the time, proclaimed the song, “The sound of the future.” Which, Bowie, added, “was more or less right.”

“We had the music, and we wrote so many lyrics that didn’t work — they were too dense,” Summer said of “I Feel Love” in a recent interview. “And I said, ‘This is a chant — this is euphoric’ and started to sing simpler things … and it was so natural. It still sounds great — when you’re on the cutting edge of something and you hear it back, sometimes it sounds so dated, but this still sounds fresh to me.”

Summer, Moroder and Bellotte kept up a feverish pace, producing four double-albums between 1977 and ’79, including the disco Cinderella story, “Once Upon a Time …” The run included the sprawling “Bad Girls” album, which featured not just a “disco queen,” but a woman whose past in rock, soul and ballad-singing was equally apparent. During this period, Summer released an audacious remake of Jimmy Webb’s baroque pop epic “MacArthur Park,” and the valedictory “Last Dance,” in many ways the capstone of the disco era.

Summer transcended that era even though she was going through a number of personal upheavals at the onset of the ‘80s. She changed labels, went through a divorce, got remarried, had children, and proclaimed herself a born-again Christian. Yet the hits kept coming, with the “She Works Hard for the Money” album and title track (1983) and “Another Place and Time” (1989), produced by the then-hot London production team of Stock Aitken Waterman. The latter collaboration netted her final Top-40 hit, “This Time I Know It’s For Real.”

The singer battled depression, and took up painting as a release. “Performing is what I do for other people,” she once told the Tribune. “Painting is what I do for me. Being on stage is a lot of stress. You have to be perfect. Look perfect, your weight has to be perfect. Painting is a lot easier. I don’t have to be beautiful or skinny.”

She never quit music, though, continuing to tour and record while raising two daughters, Brooklyn and Amanda, with her husband Bruce Sudano (she had another daughter, Mimi, from a previous marriage). Her 2008 album, “Crayons,” hit No. 17 on the U.S. album chart, her highest entry since 1983. It included a track called “The Queen,” in which she pokes fun at her lasting image as the “Queen of Disco.”

That was she able to play with icon-hood and embrace it was a triumph of sorts for Summer, among the more introspective talents produced by an era noted for its glitter and glam.

After she turned 40 in the late ‘80s, she told the Tribune that entering her fifth decade “was traumatic. But we, the black people, have a saying; it’s, ‘Black don’t crack.’ It made me think of a lot of things I want to do, and I don’t want to die without doing them. It was like putting a fire underneath me. At first, it scared me, and then I thought, ‘Let me make the best of the next 40 years, and let me leave an anchor for my kids and their kids.’ That’s my goal.”

greg@gregkot.com

Donna Summer essentials:

“Love to Love You Baby” (1975): Worth it if only for the 17-minute title song, a disco landmark.

“I Remember Yesterday” (1977): A concept album about music, with the “future” defined by the landmark “I Feel Love.” Dance and pop music would never be the same.

“Bad Girls” (1979): The Summer collaboration with producers Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte was never better, branching out into rock, soul and ballads, and yielding hit singles in the title track, “Hot Stuff” and “Dim the Lights.”

“She Works Hard for the Money” (1983): Summer is a more confident singer than ever on her 11th studio album as she reinvents herself for the post-disco age with a blue-collar anthem.

“The Donna Summer Anthology” (1993): Solid overview of her first two decades, with the mostly excellent ‘70s on Disc 1 and the more hit-and-miss ‘80s on Disc 2
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HE POP MUSIC WORLD was stunned Thursday by the death of Donna Summer, the original “Disco Queen” who ruled the late 1970s and proved over the next three decades that she and her music were stars, not fads.

She was 63 and died after a secret battle with cancer, her publicist said. She was reportedly diagnosed with lung cancer 10 months ago but had made no public acknowledgment.

“It was a big surprise,”said John (Jellybean) Benitez, the famed deejay, producer and remixer who had worked with Summer and is now executive producer of Sirius XM’s Studio 54 Radio.

RELATED: DONNA SUMMER DEAD AT 63

“I don’t know anyone who had heard about it. But that was her — she was a very private person.”

“I’m still in shock,” said Joe Causi of WCBS-FM, who will devote his whole show Saturday night to Summer.

“If you were driving around the streets of Brooklyn in the late 1970s and your 8-track wasn’t playing Donna Summer, it was probably broken.”

PHOTOS: REMEMBERING THE QUEEN OF DISCO

Summer won five Grammys and is a member of the Dance Music Hall of Fame. She died in Naples, Fla., near where the family owned a condo.

Summer burst onto the pop scene in 1975 with the seductive “Love to Love You Baby,” and followed with a string of hits that included “I Feel Love,” “Hot Stuff,” “Bad Girls,” “On the Radio,” “MacArthur Park,” and “Last Dance.”

In 1979, she joined with Barbra Streisand for the power anthem, “No More Tears (Enough is Enough).”

Because her music became instantly popular in dance clubs, she was labeled a disco artist, which she and many fans considered unfairly restrictive.

“This woman was the queen of disco and so much more,” Elton John told E! News. “That she has never been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame is a total disgrace.“

“She was the face of the disco movement,” says Jeff Foxx, afternoon host on WBLS. “But she bridged dance music and R&B. It may have been called disco, but there was some funky stuff going on. And she brought Barbra into the game.”

RELATED: MUSIC STARS MOURN SUMMER’S PASSING

“You’ll still never find a better song than ‘Last Dance’ to end any concert,” he added.

“The chord progression, her singing — wow.”

Summer’s recording career tailed off in the 1980s, although she continued to perform.

Joel Salkowitz, who programmed the original dance radio station Hot-103, recalled a show at Roseland Ballroom where “she absolutely killed.

They may have put a lot of production behind her music on records, but she could sing.”

“The ‘controversy’ of disco is now ancient, irrelevant history,” said long-time city radio host Famous Amos. “What remains of Donna Summer is the memory of one of America’s, and world’s, greatest recording artists.”

Four days before the Preakness, I’ll Have Another trainer Doug O’Neill was feeling very skittish about his pending appearance on the grand stage.

His nervousness had nothing to do with saddling up the Kentucky Derby winner Saturday with the Triple Crown hanging in the balance.

O’Neill didn’t care that it was too wet to send I’ll Have Another out on the track, and he certainly wasn’t uneasy about the Preakness coming down to another duel between his horse and Derby pace-setter Bodemeister.

No, the usually laid-back O’Neill was fretting over his assignment Tuesday night at Camden Yards: Throwing out the ceremonial first pitch before the game between the Baltimore Orioles and New York Yankees.

“I’d be lying if I said I wasn’t in my hotel room throwing shampoo bottles at pillows,” he said Tuesday morning. “My biggest thing is not bouncing it. The more people say don’t bounce it, the more likely you will bounce it. I’m just trying to stay focused on throwing it straight and strong and not embarrassing the I’ll Have Another team.”

O’Neill broke a trend by shipping the his horse to Pimlico Race Course just two days after the Derby, and he arrived in town two days after that. Since then, he’s been preparing I’ll Have Another for the Preakness and doing all things Baltimore.

O’Neill watched the Baltimore Ravens rookies practice last weekend and had lunch with coach John Harbaugh. On Monday night, he tried crabs for the first time.

“It’s a lot of work with a mallet. I felt like a carpenter,” O’Neill said. “It was good. We experienced the common food of Baltimore. I think next time I’ll look for the crab cakes. That’s the lazy man’s way of eating crab. Pulling the legs and cracking this and that, it does seem like too much work.”

On the topic of work, O’Neill decided I’ll Have Another didn’t have to do any Tuesday on a wet, dreary morning at Pimlico.

“With I’ll Have Another being as fit as he is and the fact he’s doing so good, we figured the weather forecast is supposed to be nice starting tomorrow, so why take him out there?” O’Neill said. “Like the rest of us, we all like a day off. We gave the whole barn a day off. He looks fantastic.

“You would expect good energy, which he has. We needed a lip chain to keep him on the ground. He was prancing around there. He’s happy. We’ll probably walk him a couple of more times throughout the day. He’ll probably be a little stir crazy without going to the track. I just thought it was the safest, smartest move.”

Since rallying past Bodemeister in the Derby, I’ll Have Another has showed absolutely no sign of fatigue. If the rousing run to the finish took anything out of him, it sure didn’t show in his appetite.

“Every morning we find a clean, licked-up feed tub,” O’Neill said. “He’s a really mellow horse in the stall. He’s a horse that every morning looks like he had a good night’s sleep.”

Many of the horses that ran in the Derby, including Union Rags and Hansen, have opted out of the Preakness. O’Neill, on the other hand, threw I’ll Have Another into the Preakness mix at the winner’s circle at Churchill Downs.

“You need a special horse to do it,” he said in front of Barn D at Pimlico, the temporary home of I’ll Have Another. “I could see where those guys probably want a little more time to recover. Fortunately, I’ll Have Another has recovered super quickly. It’s still going to be a tough race with Bodemeister and Graham Motion’s horse (Went The Day Well).”

Win or lose, O’Neill won’t soon forget this magical two-week stay in Baltimore — even if he does bounce that first-pitch fastball at Camden Yards.

“The fact we get paid to do something we all love is incredible,” he said. “As friends and family come visit the barn, you can see how they just love the whole environment. We’re enjoying every minute of it. Who knows if we’ll ever be back again with a Derby winner? Hopefully we will be. We are just soaking it all in. We’re so blessed to have a brilliant horse like him.”
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D. Wayne Lukas has had plenty of success with horses running in the second leg of the Triple Crown. His five career wins at Pimlico’s featured event speak for themselves.

But this year, Lukas decided to take a slightly different approach. His horse, Optimizer, will be using Saturday’s Preakness as an opportunity to prepare for the Belmont Stakes in June, the longest of the Triple Crown races — one Lukas thinks the colt has a better shot at winning.
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Lukas made a switch at jockey, giving the mount to Corey Nakatani to get the new rider some experience before the final leg of the Triple Crown three weeks from Saturday. Jon Court guided Optimizer to an 11th place finish at the Kentucky Derby.

“We’re thinking the Belmont is going to be our best race,” Lukas said. “Most Triple Crowns are blown by misjudgments by the rider, not the horse. We wanted to get him that experience and he seemed like a good fit…we’re trying to use the Preakness as a prep for the Belmont.”

Lukas and his team arrived in Baltimore on Tuesday afternoon and will begin training Wednesday, when a good portion of Saturday’s field will arrive.

“If [Optimizer] gets a chance to run, he usually runs a pretty good race,” Lukas said. “We’re not gonna overpower anyone. We have to have a horse that’s going to run better this week than it did last week. ”

I’ll Have Another takes day off

With rain soaking Pimlico’s track all morning, trainer Doug O’Neill kept Kentucky Derby winner I’ll Have Another under shelter and gave him the day off.

“I have no problem galloping on a wet track. It just seemed right,” O’Neill said. “Looking at the weather, we’re going to be fine [Wednesday]. Why chance a slip or something silly happening?”

I’ll Have Another did walk the shedrow to stretch his legs. O’Neill said the lack of a more strenuous workout would not hurt the colt.

O’Neill threw out the first pitch at Tuesday night’s Orioles game against the New York Yankees, as the trainer and his crew continue to experience all that Baltimore has to offer. They ate steamed crabs Monday night — O’Neill called it “a lot of work” but seemed to enjoy using a mallet, if not the meat it yielded — and visited the children’s hospital at Johns Hopkins on Tuesday.

Two more confirm entry

Daddy Nose Best and Pretension will ride in the Preakness on Saturday, their respective teams announced Tuesday.

Pretension, owned by Irving Kidwell, of Annapolis, entered after it was determined that Kidwell would be able to attend the race. The 87-year-old had some health complications earlier in the week and was admitted to a Maryland hospital.

Pretension, based at the Bowie Training Center and trained by Chris Grove, won the Canonero II Stakes at Pimlico on the day of the Kentucky Derby.
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Daddy Nose Best finished 10th at the Derby and owner Bob Zollars said he checked out fine after the first leg of the Triple Crown. Ridden by Garrett Gomez in Kentucky, Julien Leparoux will take over the mount.

Leparoux rode Union Rags to a disappointing seventh-place finish at the Kentucky Derby, and has been criticized for not giving the Michael Matz-trained colt — and one-time favorite of many Triple Crown prognosticators — a fair shot to win.

Bodemeister, others set to arrive Wednesday afternoon

Bodemeister galloped a mile and a half over a fast track at Churchill Downs on Tuesday morning and will train again Wednesday before shipping off to Pimlico in preparation for Saturday’s Preakness.

Went the Day Well, who galloped a mile and a half at Fair Hills Training Center on Tuesday, will also arrive Wednesday. He was scheduled to arrive Tuesday, but trainer Graham Motion decided to postpone the trip because of the rain.

Creative Cause, the fifth-place finisher at the Derby, and shooter Cozzetti are also set to arrive in Baltimore on Wednesday. Dale Romans, whose Shackleford out-lasted Animal Kingdom in last year’s Preakness, will saddle Cozzetti; his third-place Derby finisher Dullahan withdrew from consideration.

The post-position draw for the 137th running of the Preakness is set for 6 p.m.

Female Jockey Challenge returns to Friday card

Friday’s 13-race card at Pimlico, which features the Black-Eyed Susan and Pimlico Special, will bring back the Female Jockey Challenge for a second year.

Eight of racing’s best female jockeys will earn points for placing in the top four in the second, third, fifth and seventh races of the day.

The challenge will feature Rosie Napravnik, the former Hereford student who leads female jockeys in wins and purse money this year, and Emma-Jayne Wilson, who won the challenge in 2011.
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he Derby is a handsome race of aristocratic sleekness,
Where steeds of birth may prove their worth for running in the Preakness.“
— Ogden Nash, American poet

BALTIMORE — The Kentucky Derby is a cavalry charge with pari-mutuel betting … 20 colts paying homage to the long-gone Bumpmobile concession at Palisades Amusement Park on a racetrack encased in a gazillion dollar outer shell.

Kentucky hardboots do not view their Derby as a horse race. What it is to them is a religious experience, where the ingestion of mint juleps (bourbon laced with grass) is a kind of junior varsity communion rite, reaffirming their belief that breeders operating beyond the perimeter of Bluegrass Country ought to be reported to the Immigration Service.

The Belmont is a marathon dance and treated pretty much like just another feature race on just another Saturday card by New York’s $2 bettors. For all they care, the Jockey Club might as well be the name of a go-go bar in Queens.

But this week, the Triple Crown and Equine Flying Circus comes to a place where a horse is a horse and not the reincarnation of Pegasus … to a racetrack that hasn’t been seriously renovated since George Washington signed the purchase order for extra water buckets for the Pimlico Fire Brigade.

Greater Baltimore is too big and too honest and its people work too hard and wear out too many blue collars to canonize their race. There are other things in their world.

They understand exactly what the Preakness is: It’s a local horse race treated with great dignity, a brief break in the May calendar when the Orioles will not be the top story.
Both the Kentucky Derby and Louisville, it ain’t.

This city is the Inner Harbor and the restaurants, the Orioles and the Ravens, the National Aquarium and the Maryland Science Center, crab cakes and oysters.
It keeps the Preakness in perspective for what it is: A once-a-year pit stop, an honest horse race, run at a realistic distance (considering the age of the animals) over a racetrack with tight enough turns to make you work for anything you get.

It has never had a Stephen Foster to eulogize its setting with 19th century rap. But what it may lack in historical attention, it makes up for in drama. Smarty Jones, an equine Horatio Alger, wrapping up his second Triple Crown race; Secretariat’s classic move to decide the issue with half the race left; the brilliance of Count Fleet and War Admiral; Whirlaway and Citation; Seattle Slew and Affirmed.

And the moments generated by colts who never won the Triple Crown but to which so many us can bear witness:

• 1999: Perhaps the most bizarre caper ever at any race track. During the running of the Maryland Breeders’ Cup Stakes on Preakness Day, an inebriated man (Lee Chang Ferrell) walked under the rail and stood in front of the field— legs dug in, arms folded and then as Artax came thundering toward him, ran forward and attempted to punch him in the head. Artax swerved, made contact with other horses and wrenched his ankle. All betting money on the horse, who was the 4-5 favorite, was refunded.

• 2005: The winner, Afleet Alex with young jockey Jeremy Rose aboard, was almost knocked out of the race at the head of the stretch. The leader Scrappy T ad-libbed a short cut, suddenly swung out and tried to run right through Afleet Alex and they clipped heels.

In that horrific instant Afleet Alex stumbled so badly that Rose was thrown far over his neck. The horse nearly went to his knees, and his nose came within an inch of the dirt.
Guided by Rose’s acrobatic response, he recovered and regained his momentum, drawing away from Scrappy T for a 4¾-length victory. He went on to win the Belmont as well.

• 2006: The tragedy of Barbaro, a moment so sad and so touching that it lingered until the colt’s death the following January.

And even later, it echoed through every corner of old Pimlico Race Course. It carried with it the residue of the horse people’s worst nightmare, from owner to trainer to jockey, and on down to grooms and hot walkers.

Fifty yards into the 2006 Preakness, the colt that won the Kentucky Derby by a widening 6½ lengths (the widest margin in more than 60 years), was done within the first 50 yards. In an instant he snapped his right hind leg in three places — a cannon bone, a sesamoid bone and a long pastern bone. His left hoof was left hanging loosely.

If you know horses, you know that, despite the massive effort that would follow, Barbaro was doomed.

Months later, as Barbaro continued to fight for life, Michael Matz, the trainer, received an electronic mountain of more than 43,000 e-mails. School children wrote letters. A wounded vet sent a flag from Iraq. Two-dollar bettors, who would step over a prostrate heart-attack victim so as not to get shut out from the betting windows, greeted each other at simulcasts with “Waddaya hear ‘bout the horse?” Battle-hardened jocks and grooms and trainers and an army of people of all ages, who never saw a horse race, rooted for him to live.

There are images that the renewal of this classic race cannot help but trigger: the way Edgar Prado, Barbaro’s jock, suddenly felt the uneven bounce in the stride of the horse beneath him and Prado transmitted a message to the desperately wounded horse in language that only horses seem to understand, the way the colt’s head swiveled from side to side, the way Prado dismounted and leaned his weight against the horse’s shoulder to keep as much stress as possible off the bad leg, the way Matz leaped out of his clubhouse seat, vaulted the rail and sprinted down the track toward his worst nightmare.

And above all, the awful silent scream of 118,000 throats locked in horrifying limbo.
Sadly, it all remains too clear in the collective memory bank of much of an army of those that will be here Saturday.
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School officials said Tuesday night that Jefferson signed his letter of intent to play for the Blue Devils this fall.

Coach Mike Krzyzewski says Jefferson is “a perfect young man for Duke University.”

Jefferson is a 6-foot-7, 190-pound power forward who averaged 19.9 points, 10.2 rebounds and 2.7 steals as a senior for Friends’ Central School in Philadelphia. He was named a McDonald’s All-America and was rated as one of the nation’s top prep big men.

He joins a Duke frontcourt that returns seniors Mason Plumlee and Ryan Kelly.

Arizona adds three transfers to recruiting class

TUCSON, Ariz. (AP) — Arizona has added three transfers to its latest recruiting class.

The school announced Tuesday that guards Mark Lyons and T.J. McConnell, and forward Matt Korcheck signed to play for the school.

Lyons has one year of eligibility left after graduating from Xavier. He averaged 15.1 points and helped the Musketeers reach the regional semifinals of the NCAA tournament.

Korcheck, a 6-foot-9 sophomore from Tucson, averaged 14.7 points and 6.5 rebounds for Cochise College in 2011-12. He will have two seasons of eligibility left.

McConnell will not be eligible to play next season after transferring from Duquesne, where he averaged 11.4 points, 4.4 rebounds, 5.5 assists and 2.8 steals last season. He has two years of eligibility remaining.
Copyright 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
In the midst of a discouraging offseason featuring early defections, unfounded transfer rumors and a flurry of misses on high-profile recruits, Duke finally received some badly needed good news.

The Blue Devils landed power forward Amile Jefferson, the lone unsigned consensus top 40 recruit in the class of 2012.

Jefferson, a 6-foot-7 McDonald’s All-American from Philadelphia, chose Duke over ACC rival NC State, Kentucky, Villanova and Ohio State. Duke made him a priority after the early signing period and put on a full-court press after fellow elite power forward Tony Parker chose UCLA over the Blue Devils.

What Jefferson provides Duke next season is a perfect frontcourt complement off the bench to starters Mason Plumlee and Ryan Kelly. Whereas Plumlee is a traditional back-to-the-basket big man and Kelly is a spot-up shooter, Jefferson brings athleticism, length and an ability to score off the dribble that is largely missing from Duke’s roster.

The addition of Jefferson to a recruiting class that previously included only guard Rasheed Sulaimon is both a talent and morale boost for Duke. On the heels of an already disappointing first-round exit against Lehigh, the Blue Devils lost Austin Rivers to the NBA draft, learned Andre Dawkins may redshirt the season and failed to land Parker, Shabazz Muhammad and transfer Jordan Clarkson, among others.

While North Carolina or NC State is probably still the favorite in what may be a down season in the ACC, Jefferson’s presence figures to ensure the Blue Devils remain a contender at the very least.

They lack athleticism or lateral quickness in the backcourt again this year, but they do have a bevy of shooters who cannot be left alone, especially if Dawkins is available. And the frontcourt is deep and talented between Plumlee, Kelly, Jefferson and even redshirt freshmen Alex Murphy and Marshall Plumlee.

Jefferson needs to put on weight to reach his full potential, but he’ll still have the chance to make an immediate impact. He’s a likely rotation player next season and a potential centerpiece thereafter.
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uke locked up the last available top player in the Class of 2012 when Amile Jefferson committed to the Blue Devils over N.C. State, Kentucky, Ohio State and nearby Villanova.

The 6-8 forward made the announcement Tuesday afternoon at his Philadelphia-area high school, Friends’ Central, where he averaged 19.9 points, 10.2 rebounds and 2.7 blocks as a senior and was named a McDonald’s All-American.

“We are ecstatic about Amile joining us,” Duke coach Mike Krzyzewski said in a statement. “He is a perfect young man for Duke University. His educational background at Friends’ Central School prepared him so well for Duke, and his high school coach prepared him well to play at Duke.”

ESPN ranked Jefferson 25th in the senior class. He was one of only two players in the ESPN Top 75 that hadn’t committed to a school.

Jefferson said his finalists were Duke and N.C. State, and the reason he took so long was because he struggled with the decision. He ultimately concluded that Duke would provide the best combination of athletics and academics.

“When I finally sat down and talked to my family and thought about everything, Duke just seemed like the right school,” Jefferson said at the news conference.

Jefferson made an unofficial visit to Duke as a sophomore, but the Blue Devils didn’t start recruiting him heavily until this year.

“Coach K brings an energy to our team that I want to bring back to him,” Jefferson said. “When he looks in my eyes, I want him to see the energy that I see in his eyes.”

His announcement came after the Blue Devils were passed over by highly regarded recruits Shabazz Muhammed and Tony Parker, who both signed with UCLA in April.

“(Jefferson) is going to be able to help us right away,” Krzyzewski said. “He is a winner — they won four straight state titles, and he is an easy guy to play with because he will do anything to help his team win.”

Jefferson joins another consensus top-25 recruit, shooting guard Rasheed Sulaimon of Houston, Texas, in the upcoming class. Forwards Alex Murphy and Marshall Plumlee will also be entering as redshirt freshmen after sitting out the 2011-12 season.

“Our class is really four great youngsters with Amile, Rasheed and then Alex and Marshall redshirting,” Krzyzewski said. “With those four guys ready to play, they are going to help us immensely. They are talented and all have great character.”

Jefferson, Murphy and Marshall Plumlee will add depth to a frontcourt that returns starters Mason Plumlee and Ryan Kelly, along with defensive specialist Josh Hairston. Jefferson said he could play either forward position.

“I don’t think they have a guy like me at Duke right now,” Jefferson said.

Read more: The Herald-Sun – Amile Jefferson picks Duke over NCSU Kentucky

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The Brevard County Sheriff’s Office says that at approximately 4:50 a.m., a neighbor living near 7245 Bright Avenue in Port St. John, Florida was awakened by the sounds of gunshots which was followed by three children knocking at his door. The neighbor opened the door and saw the three children who told the neighbor that they had been shot.

The neighbor provided a towel to one of the boys for his injuries when the mother came out of her house and called the children to come back inside her home. The children complied to their mother’s command and went back inside her house. The neighbor then heard more gunshots from inside the children’s house. The neighbor immediately called 9-1-1.

The initial responding Brevard County Sheriff’s deputies arrived on the scene at 4:54 a.m. When deputies arrived, they found 17-year-old Pebbles Johnson laying in the front yard. Deputies extricated her from the immediate scene by driving a car up on the front yard and bringing her back to safety. After being treated by responding emergency medical personnel, Pebbles was pronounced dead at the scene according to Brevard County Sheriff’s spokesman Lt. Tod Goodyear.

The deputies heard three shots come from within the residence. At approximately 5:03 a.m., deputies observed an occupant with a firearm come outside the front door briefly, then went back inside into the house. Although the blinds were drawn, deputies saw what they believed to be the glow of a cigarette moving around inside the home. One final gunshot was heard by the deputies approximately fifteen minutes after they arrived at the scene.

Because deputies heard shots, they put together two SWAT entry teams. “We always take steps to protect the deputies, but once we have an active-type shooter and have victims there, at that point is why we sped up to make entry.” Goodyear said.

After the SWAT team cleared the residence, they found four more victims inside. Goodyear says they believe the shooter was the mother of the children, 33-year-old Tonya Thomas who appears to have died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound. The children are identified as Joel Johnson, age 12, Jazlin Johnson, 13, Jaxs Johnson, 15, and Pebbles Johnson, 17.

At approximately 3 a.m., the mother had sent a text to a neighbor saying that she wanted to be cremated with her children. Unfortunately, the neighbor was not awake at the time and did not read the text until he woke which was after the shooting had occurred. Goodyear added.

Because some of the victims attended Brevard County Public Schools, the Brevard County Sheriff’s Department has notified Brevard County Public Schools of the incident.

The Sheriff’s Office has notified the father of the children, who is separated from the mother and does not reside at the home, but does live in Brevard County
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revard County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida, along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2010 census, the population was 543,376,[1] making it the 9th most populous county in the state.[2] Influenced by the presence of the John F. Kennedy Space Center, Brevard County is also known as the Space Coast. As such, it was designated with the telephone area code 321, as in 3-2-1 liftoff.

The official county seat has been located in Titusville since 1894, although most of the county’s administration is performed from Viera. Brevard County has more than one county courthouse and sheriff’s office because of its length. Hence, government services are not centralized in one location, as they are in many American counties.

The county is coextensive with the Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) designated by the Office of Management and Budget and used for statistical purposes by the Census Bureau and other agencies. Palm Bay, Melbourne and Titusville are designated as the principal cities of the MSA. The Melbourne-Titusville-Cocoa, Florida Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area was first defined in 1973. Cocoa was removed as a principal city in 1983, and Palm Bay was added, with the name changed to Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. The MSA name was changed to its present form in 2003.[3]
Contents
[hide]

* 1 History
o 1.1 Precolumbian
o 1.2 From Spanish rule to statehood
o 1.3 Statehood to 1900
o 1.4 20th century to present
* 2 Geography
o 2.1 Geographic features
o 2.2 Geology
o 2.3 Climate
+ 2.3.1 Environment
o 2.4 Adjacent counties
o 2.5 Fauna
+ 2.5.1 Avian
o 2.6 Flora
* 3 Demographics
o 3.1 Religion
* 4 Government
o 4.1 Elected officials
o 4.2 Justice system
+ 4.2.1 Courts
o 4.3 Public services
+ 4.3.1 Public safety
+ 4.3.2 Public recreation
+ 4.3.3 Social services
* 5 Elections
o 5.1 Registration
* 6 Economy
o 6.1 Personal income
o 6.2 Housing
+ 6.2.1 Communities
o 6.3 Industry
+ 6.3.1 Military
+ 6.3.2 Agriculture
+ 6.3.3 Tourism
+ 6.3.4 Competitiveness
o 6.4 Labor
o 6.5 Banking
o 6.6 Retail
* 7 Health
* 8 Cities and towns
o 8.1 Incorporated
o 8.2 Unincorporated
o 8.3 Former place names
* 9 Education
* 10 Sports
* 11 Infrastructure
o 11.1 Transportation
o 11.2 Power
o 11.3 Communication
o 11.4 Solid waste
* 12 Media
o 12.1 Newspapers
o 12.2 Radio
o 12.3 Television
o 12.4 Films and TV
* 13 Arts and culture
* 14 See also
* 15 References
* 16 Further reading
* 17 External links

[edit] History
Main article: History of Brevard County
[edit] Precolumbian
Further information: Windover Archaeological Site and Crane_Creek_(Melbourne,_Florida)#History

The first Paleoindians arrived in the area near Brevard County between 12,000 and 10,000 years ago.[4] The Paleoindians were semi-nomadic people who lived in smaller groups. At the time, the earth was going through its most recent ice age and the climate of the area was much different than it is now;[4] it was similar to that of Great Britain today. The area which today is Brevard County was probably not coastal at this period in time. The coast of Florida was about 100 miles (160 km) wider,[4] and the Indian River was simply a lower point on dry land.

After a few thousand years, perhaps by around 3000 B.C., peninsular Florida resembled the land of today in shape, climate, fauna, and flora. The ocean had risen enough to flood the Indian River with salt water.[5]

About this time, a new group of settlers appeared, known as the Archaic people.[4][6] These people were primarily fishermen, as opposed to the hunting and gathering way of life which characterized the Paleoindians.[4]
[edit] From Spanish rule to statehood

The Ais and the Jaega were the dominant tribes in the area when Juan Ponce de León arrived at the shores near Melbourne Beach in 1513.[4][7] There were about 10,000 of these natives in the area.[8]

In the year of 1601 the Spanish King commissioned a map of Florida indicating his desires for a fort to be built in Miami. On the map he indicated the land we know as Brevard county as the ‘Province of Ais’, as it was typical in those days to designate a region of specific tribal domination and generally took its name from the ruling cacique. [9]

Later in 1605, Alvaro Mexia was dispatched from St. Augustine to the “Province of the Ais”area on a diplomatic mission to the Ais Indian nation. He helped establish a “Period of Friendship” with the Ais caciques (chiefs) and made a color map of the area.[10]

Heavy mosquito infestation and the threat of Indian attacks kept the area from having any permanent white settlements. The Spanish quickly left the area, but left a deadly reminder of their visit: European diseases. In 1763, the Spanish took the last 80 natives to Cuba.[8] Within 200 years, almost the entire precolumbian population of Florida had died out. Creek Indians from the north quickly swept down from Georgia and the Carolinas to fill the void. These Indians became known as the Seminole. Their activity in Brevard County was intermittent and usually not permanent.

Throughout the 18th century, the great European powers Spain, Great Britain and France vied for power in Florida. Their interest in the peninsula was more strategic than for building any real settlements. In contrast to today, where living in Florida means comfort and the “good life” to many people, Florida in the 18th century was seen as a hostile place with dangerous fauna such as poisonous snakes, alligators and panthers. Death by malaria was a possibility, and death at the hands of angry Indians seemed even more likely. After being under Spanish, French, British, and then Spanish rule again, Florida finally became a United States territory.

In 1837, Fort Ann was established on the eastern shore of the Indian River on a narrow strip of land on Merritt Island.[6] During the construction of the Hernandez-Capron Trail, General Joseph Hernández and his militiamen encamped near present-day Mims.[6] These settlements were short-lived and were abandoned shortly thereafter.
[edit] Statehood to 1900
Boathouse, Titusville, Florida 1885

In 1845, Florida became the 27th state of the Union. How and when Brevard County was founded and its history in the 19th century is much more complicated. During the 19th century, the state of Florida was constantly changing the names and borders of counties. Indeed, St. Lucia County was split off from Mosquito (later Orange) County in 1844.[11] St. Lucia County was renamed Brevard County in 1856, but this “Brevard County” contained very little of present-day Brevard County. Most of present-day Brevard north of Melbourne was part of either Volusia or Orange counties.[11] Brevard County in 1856 extended as far west as Polk County and as far south as coastal Broward County. Complicating the discussion of Brevard County in the 19th century is that an early county seat was located at (Port) St. Lucie, which took its name from the original county name and was eventually split off from Brevard to form a new county, St. Lucie County, in 1905. Gradually, the borders of Brevard County were shifted northward while the county got “pinched” eastward.[11] The portions of Brevard County in present-day Broward and Palm Beach counties were given to Dade County, western areas of the county were given to Polk and Osceola counties, and parts of Volusia and Orange counties were given to Brevard, including the eventual county seat of Titusville. Later, the southern portion of the county was cut off to form St. Lucie County, which in turn spawned Martin and Indian River counties.[11]

The first permanent settlement in present day Brevard was established near Cape Canaveral in 1848.[4] After the establishment of a lighthouse, a few families moved in, and a small but stable settlement was born. Gradually, as the threat of Seminole Indian attacks was becoming increasingly unlikely, people began to move into the area around the Indian River. In the 1850s a small community developed at Sand Point which eventually became the city of Titusville.[6] Unlike other areas of Florida, the Civil War had little effect on Brevard County, other than perhaps to slow the movement of settlers to the area.

By the 1880s, the cities along the Indian River included Melbourne, Eau Gallie, Titusville, Rockledge, and Cocoa.[4] Unlike cities further inland in Florida, these cities did not have to rely as heavily on roads. The primary way of traversing the county was by water. In 1877 commercial steamboat transportation became a reality as the Pioneer was brought to the area.[6]

The first real boom to the area occurred with the extension of Henry Flagler’s Florida East Coast Railroad into the area.[6] The railroad reached Titusville in 1886 and Melbourne in 1894. With the railroad came increased settlement and the first tourists.
[edit] 20th century to present
Crane Creek, Melbourne, circa 1900

The advent of the automobile age brought even more growth to Brevard County, as resorts and hotels popped up all around the county.[6] As the automobile became increasingly important as a means of transportation, roads connecting Brevard County to the rest of Florida and ultimately the rest of the nation were built.

The first major land boom began in the 1920s with the end of World War I.[4] People flooded into the state of Florida as land prices soared, only to bust as the Great Depression temporarily stopped growth in Florida. Before the start of World War II, the largest industries in Brevard were commercial fishing, citrus, and tourism.[6]

In 1940, the Naval Air Station Banana River (now Patrick Air Force Base) was built. This began a new era in the development of Brevard County. Later, in the late 1950s, the Long Range Proving Ground was opened.[4] This later became the Kennedy Space Center. This changed the entire complexion of the county; where Brevard had once been considered a “backwoods” area of Florida, it instantly became the launching pad into outer space. What had once been a primarily low-tech farmer/fisherman economy was transformed into a high-tech engineering and computer economy.

In 1982, Windover Archaeological Site was discovered.

As a very long, but not very wide county, there had been a lot of complaints from people in the southern, more populous side of the county about being so distant from the county seat. A trip to conduct county business in Titusville was 50 miles (80 km) from the most populous city in the county, Palm Bay.[12] There was talk of secession on the southern end of the county,[13] and the county decided to build a new county administration complex at Viera near the geographical center of the county. This complex was started in 1989, and resulted in a counter-threat of secession from the Titusville end of the county.[13] This proposal to form a new county, Playalinda County, had some momentum in the early 1990s. The county made a few concessions to the people in the northern part of the county, and agreed not to “officially” move the county seat. Viera, however, is for all intents and purposes the de facto seat of Brevard County.

The summer of 1998 produced some of the worst brush fires on record.70,000 acres (280 km2; 110 sq mi) were burned.[14]

Prior to instituting controlled burns, the county forests and pastures burned for months during the dry season. From the 1940s to the 1970s, the state assumed control of burning that prevented uncontrolled fires.[15] In 2006, the state burned a record 72,065 acres (291.64 km2; 112.602 sq mi) in the county.[16]
[edit] Geography

In federal maps constructed before 2012, nearly half of Brevard was prone to flooding. Most of this was in the relatively undeveloped low-lying areas, west of Interstate 95, on the banks of the St. Johns River. About 18,900 homes out of 164,000 single-family homes were in that area.[17]
[edit] Geographic features
It has been suggested that Ponce de León Island be merged into this article or section. (Discuss) Proposed since January 2012.
The Brevard-Volusia county line

According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of 1,556.95 square miles (4,032.5 km2), of which 1,018.19 square miles (2,637.1 km2) (or 65.40%) is land and 538.76 square miles (1,395.4 km2) (or 34.60%) is water,[18] primarily the Atlantic Ocean, the St. Johns River and the Indian River Lagoon. The county is larger in area than the nation of Samoa and nearly the same size, and population, as Cape Verde.[19] It is one-third the size of the state of Rhode Island.

Located half-way between Jacksonville and Miami, Brevard County is an extra-long county, extending 72 miles (116 km) from north to south, but averages 26.5 miles (42.6 km) inland from the seacoast at any point. In marshes in the western part of this county is the source of the St. Johns River. Emphasizing its position as “halfway” down Florida is the presence of two roads that are half-way down Florida’s numbering system, State Road 50 and State Road 500.

The Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway along the eastern edge of Brevard County is the major waterway route in Brevard County. It includes the Indian River. Additional waterways include Lake Washington, Lake Poinsett, Lake Winder, Sawgrass Lake, the St. Johns River, and the Banana River.

Brevard County is the sole county in the Palm Bay – Melbourne – Titusville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area (formerly the Melbourne-Titusville-Cocoa, Florida Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area and Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area).

There is no major urban center.[20] The county is unofficially divided into three section, North County, comprising Titusville, Mims and Port St. John; Central Brevard, which includes Cocoa, Rockledge, Merritt Island, and Cocoa Beach; and South County, which includes Melbourne, Palm Bay, Grant, Valkaria, and the South Beaches. The South Beaches is a term that measures direction south from the dividing line of Patrick Air Force Base, and includes South Patrick Shores, Satellite Beach, Indian Harbour Beach, Indialantic, and Melbourne Beach.

The county government has historically labeled the beach areas differently. The North Reach includes 9.4 miles (15.1 km) in Cape Canaveral and Cocoa Beach. The Patrick Air Force Base beach is 4.1 miles (6.6 km). The Mid Reach includes the 7.6 miles (12.2 km) in Satellite Beach. The South Reach includes the 3.8 miles (6.1 km) in Indialantic and Melbourne Beach. The South Beaches include 14.5 miles (23.3 km) south of Melbourne Beach to Sebastian.[21]

The United States Board on Geographic Names is considering two proposals to officially name the barrier island extending from Port Canaveral to Sebastian Inlet. The 45-mile-long (72 km) island includes the city of Cape Canaveral, Cocoa Beach, Indialantic, Melbourne Beach, Patrick Air Force Base, and Satellite Beach. The American Indian Association of Florida submitted in October 2011 a proposal to name the island after the Ais people. The United Third Bridge and the Florida Puerto Rican/Hispanic Chamber of Commerce in Melbourne submitted in January 2012 a proposal to name the island after Juan Ponce de León. The Board of Geographic Names usually takes at least eight months to decide on a new name for a geographical feature.[22]

There are 16 municipalities. The largest by population is Palm Bay, the smallest Melbourne Village.[23]

The county has eight canals[24] for transportation and drainage:

* Canaveral Barge Canal, Courtenay – transportation
* Faulk Canal, Cocoa
* Grand Canal, Tropic
* Haulover Canal, Mims – transportation
* Melbourne Tillman Canal, Melbourne West – drainage
* Old Canal, Wilson
* C-1 (Canal 1), which is maintained by the Melbourne-Tillman Water Control District[25]
* C-54 Canal – on the south Brevard County Line – drainage
* L-15 Canal – Crane Creek Drainage District[26]

[edit] Geology

The soil contains high levels of phosphorus.[27]
[edit] Climate

The county has a Köppen climate classification of Cf with a year-round distribution of rainfall. This means a humid subtropical climate with hot, humid summers.[28] There are distinct wet and dry seasons. The dry lasts from December through May, the wet from June through November.

Temperature varies noticeably in this 72-mile-long (116 km), north-to-south, county, particularly in winter. In north county, northern (temperate climate) flora can thrive, like deciduous trees. In the south county, sub-tropical plants can grow, such as royal palm trees.[29] Progressing from west to east, there is a moderating effect from the ocean and, to a lesser extent, from the Indian River; so eastern low temperatures are higher, and high temperatures are lower, than is measured further west.

January is the coldest month, with an average low of 50.7 °F (10.4 °C) and an average high 71 °F (22 °C). The warmest months are July and August with average highs of 90 °F (32 °C) and average lows of 72.2. The driest month is April with 1.6 inches (4.1 cm) of rainfall; the wettest is September, with 6.6 inches (17 cm).[30]

Offshore ocean temperatures have averaged: January – 64 °F (18 °C), February – 62 °F (17 °C), March – 67 °F (19 °C) and April – 72 °F (22 °C).[31]

Florida is a large subtropical state that experiences hurricanes. Although Brevard county is located along Florida’s eastern peninsula, it is less frequently impacted by direct hurricane landfalls than portions of the Panhandle or South Florida. There are two predominant reasons for this. First, westward moving tropical systems often reach an atmospheric ridge weakness in the Bermuda High by the time they approach Florida at a latitude as northerly as Brevard County. Combined with frontal systems that exit the United States’ East Coast, many of these tropical systems are steered northwest and eventually curve northward offshore along Florida’s East Central Coast. A second reason is that hurricanes landfalling along the Florida peninsular Gulf Coast often weaken to a tropical storm by the time they move northeast to affect Brevard County (with some exceptions, such as 2004’s Charley).

Although Brevardians may refer to past storms as “hurricanes”, by the time they strike there, some of them may have subsided to tropical storms or depressions. Because of the threat of storm surge, the beach community on the barrier island is often required to evacuate well in advance of the storm.[32] The possibility of storm surge is diminished when the storm comes across the state instead of from the Atlantic.[33]

Tornado-like eddies spinning off from even small storms can result in severe damage in small areas.[34] Generally, summertime tornadoes are brief, are at the EF0 or EF1 level, and may not actually touch down. During the dry season, they can attain a force of EF2 and touch the ground for miles.[35]

Five hurricanes have directly affected Brevard since 1950: David (September 3, 1979); Erin (August 2, 1995) – made landfall near Sebastian Inlet and caused mostly minor wind damage and more extensive flooding countywide; Charley (August 13, 2004) – caused damage in Titusville and North Brevard; Frances (September 3, 2004) – struck neighboring Vero Beach in Indian River County directly and caused widespread wind damage throughout Brevard;[36] and Jeanne (September 26, 2004) – struck Vero Beach directly, following very nearly the same path as Frances. The latter two storms caused widespread damage in South Brevard, and resulted in $2.8 billion in claim payments.[37] Slightly more than half of one percent (0.6%) of houses were lost.[38]

The following storms did not affect Brevard County with hurricane force winds: Floyd (September 15, 1999),[39] and Irene (October 16, 1999).[40]

Tropical Storm Fay dropped a record rainfall of 27.65 inches (70.2 cm) in 2008.[41]

The winter of 2009-2010 was the coldest on record since 1937 when records were first kept.[42] Planting season, which normally starts around February 14, came six weeks later instead.[43] Some flowers and herbs are planted as early as January.[44] December 2010 was the coldest December on record.[45]
[edit] Environment
Main article: Environmental issues in Brevard County
Pine flatwoods and sand pine scrub

Brevard County works together with the federal and state government to control pollution and preserve wetlands and coastal areas through lands dedicated to conservation and wildlife protection.

There are 250 square miles (650 km2) of federally protected wildlife refuges.[46] These lands include Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, the Canaveral National Seashore, the St. Johns National Wildlife Refuge, the Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge, several conservation areas managed by the St. Johns River Water Management District, Brevard County’s Environmentally Endangered Lands Program Sanctuaries,[47] and lands dedicated by the State as conservation areas.
[edit] Adjacent counties

* Volusia County, Florida – north
* Indian River County, Florida – south
* Osceola County, Florida – southwest
* Orange County, Florida – west

[edit] Fauna

There are 4,000 species of animals locally.[48]

Common mammals include North American river otters, bobcats, white-tailed deer, raccoons, marsh rabbits,[49] and opossum.[50]

Coyotes first entered the county in 2011.[51]

Lovebug season occurs twice annually in May and August–September. Motorists, usually, encounter swarms of these while driving during a four-week period.[52][53]

Yellow flies are particularly noticeable from April through June.[54]

There were 596 manatees in Brevard County in 2009, out of a total of 3,802 in the state. This is a decline from 2007 when there was a total of 859 out of a state total of 2,817.[55] Bottlenose dolphin are commonly seen in the intercoastal waterway.[citation needed]

Wild hogs have become a nuisance in some suburbs.[56]

The poisonous brown recluse spider is not native to the area but has found the environment congenial.[57]

The Florida Butterfly Monitoring Network has counted species of butterflies monthly for a year since 2007. In 2010, it counted 45 species.[58] Included are zebra swallowtail butterflies.[59]

Fish and reptiles include alligators, red snapper, sea turtles,[50] and scrub lizards.[59]
[edit] Avian

Turkey vultures, a migrating species, are protected by federal law. They migrate north in the summer and return in September.[60]

The county’s most common winter bird is the lesser scaup, a diving duck. In 2008, half a million were counted. In 2010, 15,000 were estimated.[61] Local bird counts indicate that there are at least 163 species of birds in the county.[62] Other birds include the red-shouldered hawk,[63] the loggerhead shrike,[64] the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker,[65] Cooper’s Hawks, pileated woodpeckers, and Savannah sparrows.[59]

Other birds include rails (which also includes coots), scrub jays (an endangered species), wood storks, grackles,[50] great horned owls,[66] northern mockingbirds, brown thrashers, and catbirds.[67]

Peak migration in the fall is from the last week in September through the first week in October. Fall migration tends to be stronger than spring because birds typically take different flyways.[68]
[edit] Flora

Live oak trees, various grasses, and juniper plants were sufficiently common to generate pollen noticeable by some people in February.[69]

Native trees include Cabbage Palm (the state tree of Florida), fringetree, coral bean, sweet acacia, geiger tree,[70] firebush, beautyberry, coral honeysuckle, and blanket flower.[71]

Native plants include Sea Grape, Red Mulberry, Purslane, Dandelion, Spanish Bayonet, Blackberry, Jerusalem Artichoke, Dogwood, and Gallberry.[72]
[edit] Demographics
Historical populations
Census Pop. %±
1860 246
—
1870 1,216 394.3%
1880 1,478 21.5%
1890 3,401 130.1%
1900 5,158 51.7%
1910 4,717 −8.5%
1920 8,505 80.3%
1930 13,283 56.2%
1940 16,142 21.5%
1950 23,653 46.5%
1960 111,435 371.1%
1970 230,006 106.4%
1980 272,959 18.7%
1990 398,978 46.2%
2000 476,320 19.4%
2010 543,376 14.1%
[73][74][75]

The county grew by 14% between 2000 and 2010, to 543,376 people. West Melbourne grew by 78% and unincorporated Suntree/Viera by 81%. In Beachside, there was a drop in population. Hispanics doubled during the decade. The black population grew by 37%. Non-Hispanic whites rose by 6%.[76]

As of the census[77] of 2000, there were in the county:

* People – 476,230 people
* Families – 132,394
* population density – 181/km² (468/sq mi)
* Housing units – 222,072
* Average housing density – 84/km² (218/sq mi)

The population grew about 50,000 between 2000 and 2005. From 2005 to 2009, it grew by about 10,000. This helped lead the county to a housing bubble crisis, since homes were built to accommodate a larger population. From 2007 through 2010, the population has been essentially static.[78]

The county’s population is larger than that of the state of Wyoming.

The racial makeup of the county was:

* White – 84.81%
* Black or African American – 10.40%
* Hispanic or Latino – 4.61%. A plurality of Hispanics, 40%, are of Puerto Rican descent.[79]
* two or more races – 1.77%
* Asian – 1.50%
* other races – 1.09%
* Native American – 0.37%
* Pacific Islander – 0.06%

There were 198,195 households out of which 26.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.00% were married couples living together, 10.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.20% were non-families. 26.90% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.84.

The population was distributed as follows: 22.00% under the age of 18, 6.80% from 18 to 24, 27.10% from 25 to 44, 24.30% from 45 to 64, and 19.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 95.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.30 males. In 2007, 30% of the population was over 55.[80] In 2010, the oldest person in the county was a 110-year-old Titusville man.[81] In 2009, there were 5,172 births in the county.[82]

In 2009, two percent of the people in the county are over 85.[83] In 2009, there were 130,508 people 60 and over in the county.[84]

9.50% of the population and 6.80% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 13.00% of those under the age of 18 and 6.50% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. In 2010, 10% were living in poverty, compared with 13% statewide.[85]

In 2005, the Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area, which consists solely of Brevard County, was estimated to stand 91st in population out of 263 in the country.[86]

In 2006, the county stood 10th in population in the state, out of 67.[87] The increase in population from 2000 was 11.8%, less than the Florida average of 12.7%.

In 2010, 90% of residents had a high school degree, compared with 85% statewide.[85] In 2009, 25.7% of residents had an undergraduate degree, below the national average of 27.7%,[88] but the same as the rest of Florida.[85] 14.7% of residents over 25 had undergraduate degrees in engineering. This is almost twice the national average.[89]

According to the 2000 census, the county had about 80,000 veterans. 21% of the population older than 18 is a veteran.[90] This had dropped to 74,000 in 2010. This was 21% of the people in the county.[91] An actual count by a local agency in 2010 indicated that 225 of veterans were homeless.[92]

In 2007, a local census by volunteers counted 1,899 homeless residents.[93]

In the 1950s, the county population was just under 24,000. In 1960, it was just over 111,000. In 1969, at the height of the space program, it was 234,000.[94]

In 2010, about 5% of Brevardians spoke Spanish at home.[85]

In 2010, 8% of Brevardians were born outside of the US, compared with 19% for Florida.[85]

In 2012, the Urban Institute ranked the Brevard metro fourth in the country for racial equality between Afro-Americans and whites. Criteria were integration of neighborhoods, income, and the quality of schools minorities attend. The area was ranked first for Hispanic equality with whites
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nvestigators believe a Brevard County mother killed her four children before turning the gun on herself early Tuesday.

The mother is identified as Tanya Thomas, 33. The children are identified as Joel Johnson, 12, Jazlin Johnson, 13, Jaxs Johnson, 15 and Pebbles Johnson, 17.

The neighbor told deputies they were awakened by gunfire shortly before 5 a.m. A short time later, there was a knock at the door. Three children were at the door and appeared to have been shot, according to Brevard County Sheriff’s Lt. Tod Goodyear.

He said Thomas came out of her house and called for the children, who returned to the residence. The neighbor then called 911.

When officers arrived, one of the children, Pebbles, was found shot in the front yard. Her body was retrieved and deputies began setting up a perimeter.

At one point, Goodyear said officers saw someone appear briefly at the front door and then heard more gunfire.

After SWAT members made their way inside, the bodies of the three other children and their mother were discovered.

Goodyear said officers had responded to a domestic call at the home involving Jaxs and his mother “a few weeks ago.”

Goodyear would not say if there was any indication the murders were planned in advance.

The father, who does not live at the home, was notified of the deaths.

abcactionnews.com will have updates as information becomes available.

wftv.com contributed to this report

Copyright 2012 Scripps Media, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.

Police have identified a mother they believe shot and killed her four children before shooting herself in their Port St. John home early Tuesday morning.

The victims were identified as Joel Johnson, 12; Jazzlyn Johnson, 13; Jaxs Johnson, 15; Pebbles Johnson, 17; and the mother, who was believed to be the shooter, Tonya Thomas, 33.

Just before 5 a.m., dispatchers received a 911 call from a resident who said they heard gunshots coming from their neighbor’s home, said Tod Goodyear of the Brevard County Sheriff’s Office.

Investigators believe Thomas killed her oldest son, Jaxs, first, in his bed while he slept.

When deputies arrived at the scene, Goodyear said, they found Pebbles dead in the front yard of the home on the 7000 block of Bright Avenue.

The other two children went back inside the house just before deputies arrived. Neighbors said they then heard more gunshots.

“It sounded like a transformer was going off. That was pretty much it,” neighbors said.

Deputies said as they were setting up a perimeter, they saw someone at the front door of the home. The person at the door then went inside, and deputies heard one final gunshot, they said.

“They briefly saw someone at the door that went back inside. They heard shots as the SWAT team arrived,” said Goodyear.

A SWAT team was called to the scene and upon arrival, entered the home through a back door and found three children and Thomas.

Investigators said there was no note or explanation as to why the killings happened.

A witness told deputies he received a text message at about 3 a.m. from Thomas, saying she wanted to be cremated with her children. However, the neighbor said, he did not see the text until after the incident.

Investigators said that at about 4:50 a.m., a neighbor was awakened by a knock at the door. The neighbor told deputies that three of the children, Joel, Jazline and Pebbles, were there and appeared to have been shot.

“One of them had a gunshot wound or appeared to have a gunshot wound,” said the neighbor.

Deputies said the neighbor got one of the kids a towel because they were bleeding. While the children were at the neighbor’s house, police said, Thomas came outside and beckoned the kids back, and they listened. The neighbor called 911 after the kids left, deputies said.

Deputies said Pebbles never made it into the home and collapsed in the front yard.

Goodyear said a gun and other evidence were recovered from the scene.

The school district was notified so grief counselors could be sent to the schools where the children attended.

Goodyear said deputies have responded to calls to the home in the past.

Read: Documents related to previous law enforcement calls to the home

Deputies said the father, Joe Johnson, who does not live with the family, was notified, and he had a difficult time composing himself as investigators tried to talk to him.

In October 2002, Thomas was arrested, accused of attacking Joe Johnson.

In April, deputies said, Jaxs threw a bicycle through a window, and Thomas called police. She told cops she didn’t want Jaxs to come home until he had calmed down and that she’d been working to get him into some behavioral programs.

Jaxs was supposed to appear in court Tuesday to be arraigned for the misdemeanor domestic violence charge, police said.
In a past incident, deputies said a neighbor called 911 due to a domestic-type incident.

Neighbors along Bright Avenue told WFTV they knew the incident involved Thomson and her kids, who they called the neighborhood troublemakers.

Travis St. Peter and his neighbors said the boys lived in the house with their mom, and they were usually wreaking havoc by lighting fireworks or shooting BBs at nearby houses.

“The guy had to board up his windows because they always basically destroyed his house,” said St. Peter. “The kids are always trying to get in fights. You always hear the mom’s yelling at midnight and stuff.”

WFTV was there when a woman who may have been their grandmother rushed down the street to find out what happened, and she seemed devastated.

“It’s always a sad thing when kids are involved,” said St. Peter.
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At sunrise in some parts of China and by sunset in the western North America, a partial solar eclipse is set to slink across the Earth on May 20 and 21.

Depending on where people are in the eclipse’s path, some may be able to witness an annular eclipse in which the moon blocks out all but a ring of the Sun’s light.

Others will see the Sun as a crescent, partially obscured by the moon, for a period of around four to five minutes.

“The desert areas of Nevada, southern Utah and northern Arizona may be the best (for viewing) if they have the greatest chance of clear skies and the eclipse takes place low in the sky over a dramatic landscape,” said Alan MacRobert, editor of Sky and Telescope magazine.

According to NASA, a partial eclipse will be seen within a much broader path of the moon’s penumbral shadow, including much of Asia, the Pacific and the western two-thirds of North America.

In B.C., a parital solar eclipse will be visible from 4:58 to 7:21 p.m.

According to historical cloud data, China and Japan may be out of luck since a high likelihood of gray skies would block the view of the Sun.

“Unfortunately this is monsoon season, and the weather prospects are supposed to be poor in southern China,” MacRobert told AFP, but nevertheless urged residents to check local forecasts for updates.

“China and Japan don’t look to be very lucky for this. It would take quite a stroke of luck to get a clear sky.”

Of course, no one should look directly at the eclipse due to the risk of permanent eye damage. Even sunglasses are not enough to protect eyes from the glare.

Instead, experts say a safe solar filter, such as a #13 or #14 rectangular arc-welder’s glass or an astronomer’s filter made specifically for Sun viewing are the best options.

The path of the annular eclipse will span “a 240 to 300 kilometre-wide (150-185 mile) track that traverses eastern Asia, the northern Pacific Ocean and the western United States,” according to the US space agency.

The eclipse begins at sunrise in southern China using best stretch mark cream at 2206 GMT on May 20, which is May 21 local time, and swiftly travels eastward to the southern coast of Japan, NASA said.

“Tokyo lies 10 kilometers (six miles) north of the central line. For the over 10 million residents within the metropolitan area, the annular phase will last five minutes beginning at 22:32 GMT (on May 21 local time),” said NASA.

The shadow then embarks on a 7,000 kilometer-long (4,350 miles) Pacific ocean voyage that will endure for about two hours, skimming just south of Alaska’s Aleutian Islands.

The eclipse will reach the coastlines of southern Oregon and northern California at 0123 GMT May 20 local time, and it should be visible in Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona and Texas.

The East Coast of the United States will not see any of the eclipse because the Sun will have already set.

MacRobert said such annular eclipses take place on average about once a year somewhere in the world, though they are not always visible to large numbers of people.

The next time the Earth will witness a total eclipse of the Sun, a more dramatic event than a partial or annular eclipse, will be August 21, 2017.

At sunrise in some parts of China and Japan and by sunset in the western United States, a partial solar eclipse is set to slink across a narrow swath of the Earth on May 20 and 21.

Depending on where people are in the eclipse’s path, some may be able to witness an annular eclipse in which the moon blocks out all but a ring of the Sun’s light.

Others will see the Sun as a crescent, partially obscured by the moon, for a period of around four to five minutes.

The event will be the first time in 18 years that such an eclipse is visible from the continental United States, according to Fred Espenak, a longtime solar eclipse expert with NASA.

“What is unusual about this particular annular eclipse is that it goes over the western US,” Espenak told AFP.

“People always think that eclipses are extremely rare but there are at least two solar eclipses every year. Each of these annular eclipses covers a very small fraction of the Earth’s surface.”

The path of the annular eclipse will span “a 240 to 300 kilometer-wide (150-185 mile) track that traverses eastern Asia, the northern Pacific Ocean and the western United States,” according to the US space agency.

The eclipse begins at sunrise in southern China at 2206 GMT Sunday, which is early Monday local time, and swiftly travels eastward to the southern coast of Japan, NASA said.

“Tokyo lies 10 kilometers (six miles) north of the central line. For the over 10 million residents within the metropolitan area, the annular phase will last five minutes beginning at 2232 GMT,” said NASA.

The shadow then embarks on a 7,000-kilometer-long Pacific ocean voyage that will endure for about two hours, skimming just south of Alaska’s Aleutian Islands.

The eclipse will reach the coastlines of southern Oregon and northern California Sunday evening local time, at 0123 GMT Monday, and it should be visible in Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona and Texas.

The US East Coast will not see any of the eclipse because the Sun will have already set.

“The desert areas of Nevada, southern Utah and northern Arizona may be the best (for viewing) if they have the greatest chance of clear skies and the eclipse takes place low in the sky over a dramatic landscape,” said Alan MacRobert, editor of Sky and Telescope magazine.

According to historical cloud data, China and Japan may be out of luck since a high likelihood of gray skies would block the view of the Sun.

“Unfortunately this is monsoon season, and the weather prospects are supposed to be poor in southern China and stretch mark cream contact us ,” MacRobert told AFP, but nevertheless urged residents to check local forecasts for updates.

“China and Japan don’t look to be very lucky for this. It would take quite a stroke of luck to get a clear sky.”

Of course, no one should look directly at the eclipse due to the risk of permanent eye damage. Even sunglasses are not enough to protect eyes from the glare.

Instead, experts say a safe solar filter, such as a #13 or #14 rectangular arc-welder’s glass or an astronomer’s filter made specifically for Sun viewing are the best options.

Espenak suggested another way to view it — by holding binoculars with the eye piece pointed toward a piece of white cardboard and the outer end pointed toward the Sun.

“The important thing is not to look through the binoculars,” he cautioned. But by directing the eyepiece toward the white cardboard, “you get a magnified view of the Sun and the eclipse in progress.”

The next time the Earth will witness a total eclipse of the Sun, a more dramatic event than a partial or annular eclipse, will be August 21, 2017.
As seen from the Earth, a solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth, and the Moon fully or partially blocks the Sun. This can happen only during a new moon, when the Sun and the Moon are in conjunction as seen from Earth. In a total eclipse, the disk of the Sun is fully obscured by the Moon. In partial and annular eclipses only part of the Sun is obscured.

If the Moon were to be in a circular orbit close enough to the Earth and in the same orbital plane, there would be total solar eclipses every single month. However, the Moon’s orbit is angled at more than 5 degrees to the earth’s orbit around the sun (see ecliptic) so its shadow at new moon often misses the Earth. The very reason why the Earth’s orbit is called the ecliptic plane is because the Moon’s orbit must cross this in order for an eclipse (both solar as well as lunar) to occur. Also, the Moon’s actual orbit is elliptical, often taking it too far away from the Earth so that its apparent size is not large enough to block the Sun totally. So the orbital planes cross each year at a line of nodes resulting in at least two, and up to five, solar eclipses occurring each year; no more than two of which can be total eclipses.[1][2] Total solar eclipses are nevertheless rare at any particular location because totality exists only along a narrow path on the Earth’s surface traced by the Moon’s shadow or umbra.

An eclipse is a natural phenomenon. Nevertheless, in ancient times, and in some cultures today, solar eclipses have been attributed to supernatural causes or regarded as bad omens. A total solar eclipse can be frightening to people who are unaware of their astronomical explanation, as the Sun seems to disappear during the day and the sky darkens in a matter of minutes.

As it is dangerous to look directly at the Sun, observers should use special eye protection or indirect viewing techniques. People referred to as eclipse chasers or umbraphiles will travel to remote locations to observe or witness predicted central solar eclipses.[3][4]
Contents
[hide]

* 1 Types
o 1.1 Terminology for central eclipse
* 2 Predictions
o 2.1 Geometry
o 2.2 Path
* 3 Occurrence and cycles
o 3.1 Frequency per year
o 3.2 Final totality
* 4 Historical eclipses
* 5 Viewing
o 5.1 Partial and annular eclipses
o 5.2 Totality
o 5.3 Photography
* 6 Other observations
o 6.1 1919 observations
o 6.2 Gravity anomalies
o 6.3 Eclipses and transits
o 6.4 Artificial satellites
* 7 Recent and forthcoming solar eclipses
* 8 See also
* 9 Notes
* 10 References
* 11 External links

[edit] Types
Annular solar eclipse on October 3, 2005

Solar eclipse in Iran, 22 July 2009 in the morning (sunrise)

zoom in
Comparison of minimum and maximum apparent sizes of the Sun and Moon (and planets). An annular eclipse can occur when the Sun has a larger apparent size than the Moon whereas a total eclipse can occur when the Moon has a larger apparent size.

There are four types of solar eclipses:

* A total eclipse occurs when the dark silhouette of the Moon completely obscures the intensely bright light of the Sun, allowing the much fainter solar corona to be visible. During any one eclipse, totality occurs at best only in a narrow track on the surface of the Earth.[5]
* An annular eclipse occurs when the Sun and Moon are exactly in line, but the apparent size of the Moon is smaller than that of the Sun. Hence the Sun appears as a very bright ring, or annulus, surrounding the outline of the Moon.[6]
* A hybrid eclipse (also called annular/total eclipse) shifts between a total and annular eclipse. At certain points on the surface of the Earth it appears as a total eclipse, whereas at other points it appears as annular. Hybrid eclipses are comparatively rare.[6]
* A partial eclipse occurs when the Sun and Moon are not exactly in line and the Moon only partially obscures the Sun. This phenomenon can usually be seen from a large part of the Earth outside of the track of an annular or total eclipse. However, some eclipses can only be seen as a partial eclipse, because the umbra passes above the Earth’s polar regions and never intersects the Earth’s surface.[6]

The Sun’s distance from the Earth is about 400 times the Moon’s distance, and the Sun’s diameter is about 400 times the Moon’s diameter. Because these ratios are approximately the same, the Sun and the Moon as seen from Earth appear to be approximately the same size: about 0.5 degree of arc in angular measure.[6]

The Moon’s orbit around the Earth is an ellipse, as is the Earth’s orbit around the Sun; the apparent sizes of the Sun and Moon therefore vary.[7] The magnitude of an eclipse is the ratio of the apparent size of the Moon to the apparent size of the Sun during an eclipse. An eclipse that occurs when the Moon is near its closest distance to the Earth (i.e., near its perigee) can be a total eclipse because the Moon will appear to be large enough to cover completely the Sun’s bright disk, or photosphere; a total eclipse has a magnitude greater than 1. Conversely, an eclipse that occurs when the Moon is near its farthest distance from the Earth (i.e., near its apogee) can only be an annular eclipse because the Moon will appear to be slightly smaller than the Sun; the magnitude of an annular eclipse is less than 1. Slightly more solar eclipses are annular than total because, on average, the Moon lies too far from Earth to cover the Sun completely. A hybrid eclipse occurs when the magnitude of an eclipse changes during the event from smaller than one to larger than one—or vice versa—so the eclipse appears to be total at some locations on Earth and annular at other locations.[8]

Because the Earth’s orbit around the Sun is also elliptical, the Earth’s distance from the Sun similarly varies throughout the year. This affects the apparent size of the Sun in the same way, but not so much as with the Moon’s varying distance from the Earth.[6] When the Earth approaches its farthest distance from the Sun in July, a total eclipse is somewhat more likely, whereas conditions favour an annular eclipse when the Earth approaches its closest distance to the Sun in January.[9]
[edit] Terminology for central eclipse

Central eclipse is often used as a generic term for a total, annular, or hybrid eclipse.[10] This is, however, not completely correct: the definition of a central eclipse is an eclipse during which the central line of the umbra touches the Earth’s surface. It is possible, though extremely rare, that part of the umbra intersects with Earth (thus creating an annular or total eclipse), but not its central line. This is then called a non-central total or annular eclipse.[10] The next non-central solar eclipse will be on April 29, 2014. This will be an annular eclipse. The next non-central total solar eclipse will be on April 9, 2043.[11]

The phases observed during a total eclipse are called:[12]

* First contact—when the Moon’s limb first becomes visible on the solar disk.
* Second contact—starting with Baily’s Beads (caused by light shining through valleys on the Moon’s surface) and the diamond ring effect. Almost the entire disk is covered.
* Totality—the limb of the Moon obscuring the entire disk of the Sun and only the corona visible.
* Third contact—when the first bright light becomes visible and the shadow is moving away from the observer. Again a diamond ring may be observed.
* Fourth contact—when the trailing edge of the Moon ceases to overlap with the solar disk.

[edit] Predictions
[edit] Geometry
Geometry of a total solar eclipse (not to scale)
A Total eclipse in the umbra.
B Annular eclipse in the antumbra.
C Partial eclipse in the penumbra

The diagrams to the right show the alignment of the Sun, Moon and Earth during a solar eclipse. The dark gray region between the Moon and the Earth is the umbra, where the Sun is completely obscured by the Moon. The small area where the umbra touches the Earth’s surface is where a total eclipse can be seen. The larger light gray area is the penumbra, in which a partial eclipse can be seen .articles on stretch mark cream An observer in the antumbra, the area of shadow beyond the umbra, will see an annular eclipse.[13]

The Moon’s orbit around the Earth is inclined at an angle of just over 5 degrees to the plane of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun (the ecliptic). Because of this, at the time of a new moon, the Moon will usually pass above or below the Sun. A solar eclipse can occur only when the new moon occurs close to one of the points (known as nodes) where the Moon’s orbit crosses the ecliptic.[14]

As noted above, the Moon’s orbit is also elliptical. The Moon’s distance from the Earth can vary by about 6% from its average value. Therefore, the Moon’s apparent size varies with its distance from the Earth, and it is this effect that leads to the difference between total and annular eclipses. The distance of the Earth from the Sun also varies during the year, but this is a smaller effect. On average, the Moon appears to be slightly smaller than the Sun, so the majority (about 60%) of central eclipses are annular. It is only when the Moon is closer to the Earth than average (near its perigee) that a total eclipse occurs.[15][16]

Victorii ‘Torii’ Kedar Hunter (play /ˈtɔriː/; born July 18, 1975) is a Major League Baseball right fielder for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim.

Hunter has taken away many home runs throughout his 13-year major league career by “climbing the fence” in the outfield. He has won nine consecutive Gold Glove Awards as an outfielder.
Contents
[hide]

* 1 Professional career
o 1.1 Minnesota Twins
o 1.2 Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim
o 1.3 Highlights
* 2 Charity
* 3 Controversy
* 4 Personal
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 External links

[edit] Professional career
[edit] Minnesota Twins

Hunter was selected as the Twins’ first-round pick in 1993 out of high school, and made his first appearance with the Twins as a pinch runner in Baltimore on August 22, 1997. It was not until 1999 that Hunter began starting regularly, playing in 135 games for the Twins. He finished with only one error in 292 chances in the outfield.

Hunter exploded onto the scene in the beginning of April in 2000, but his batting average dropped to .207 by the end of May. He was subsequently sent down to Triple-A to work on his mechanics at the plate; however with Hunter’s new approach at the plate, he caught fire in the month of June, capping it with a two-home run, seven-RBI game and being named the Twins’ Minor League Player of the Week and Player of the Month. After a 16-game hitting streak, four consecutive games with home runs and three grand slams, Hunter was recalled by the Twins on July 28. Hunter was named both Best Defensive Outfielder and Most Exciting Player in Pacific Coast League by Baseball America for 2000.

In 2001, Hunter led the Twins in at bats, home runs and outfield assists (with 14 – tied for second best in the league), and was second in RBI and total bases, leading the Twins to their first winning season since 1992. Hunter led all major league center fielders in range factor (3.29), and was named Best Defensive Outfielder in the American League by Baseball America. He also won his first Rawlings Gold Glove Award in 2001.

In 2002, Hunter began to post near-MVP numbers, and was a contender for the award a good portion of the year. In the month of April, he went 39–105 (a .371 average) with nine home runs and 20 RBI, winning American League Player of the Month honors.

Hunter was selected by the fans to his first All-Star Game, in Milwaukee in 2002, becoming the first Twin since Kirby Puckett in 1995 to start an All-Star game in center field. One of the biggest moments came in the first inning, when, with two outs, Barry Bonds sent what appeared to be a towering home run to right-center field. Hunter, who had built a reputation for his outfield thievery in the American League, jumped and caught the ball over the wall (accomplishing a personal goal he set of robbing one from Bonds). He was playfully lifted by Bonds en route to the dugout to show congratulations for Hunter’s defensive play.

After the game, when asked about the play, Chicago Cubs right fielder Sammy Sosa dubbed him “Spider-Man”.

Although there were no awards given at the All-Star game, because the game ended in a tie, the catch was later awarded as the This Year in Baseball Best Defensive Play of the Year by the fans.

Hunter, along with an improved team and solid bullpen pitching, led a resurgence in the latter half of the season which powered the Twins to win the American League Central Division. The team would advance to the ALCS, where they would lose to the Anaheim Angels 4 games to 1. The Angels went on to win their first World Series championship.

Despite losing in the ALCS, it was still a very good year for the ballclub, and by far the best year for Hunter. He led the club in home runs, RBI, and stolen bases, and was tied for the lead in games and doubles. Hunter won the team’s Calvin R. Griffith Award as Most Valuable Twin for 2002. He ended the season sixth in the MVP voting, and also earned his second Gold Glove in center field. Hunter was additionally voted baseball’s Best Defensive Player Award for 2002 by the fans.

Hunter struggled offensively in 2003. Although he played in a career high 154 games, he often struggled at the plate, achieving an OPS (on-base plus slugging) of .763 and a batting average of just .250, .039 lower than in 2002. He stole just six bases, while being thrown out seven times, easily the worst ratio of his career. His defense was still strong enough to win his third straight Gold Glove for his play in center field.

Hunter missed much of the 2005 season after breaking his ankle and tearing ligaments when he attempted to scale the right field wall in Fenway Park on July 29. Despite playing essentially only half a season, Hunter was awarded his fifth consecutive Gold Glove.
Hunter during his tenure with the Minnesota Twins in 2006.

On Mother’s Day, May 14, 2006, Hunter was one of more than 50 hitters who brandished a pink bat to benefit the Breast Cancer Foundation.

On the last day of the regular season, Hunter hit his career-high 31st home run, helping the Twins to their fourth division title in five years.

On October 10, the Twins notified Hunter that they had picked up his $12,000,000 option for the 2007 season, keeping him from becoming a free agent.
Hunter on second base for the Angels, April 2008
[edit] Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim

After turning down a three-year, $45,000,000 deal in August 2007 from the Twins, Hunter signed a five-year contract with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim worth $90,000,000. He replaced Gary Matthews Jr. as the everyday center fielder.[1]

In 2009 he was named #44 on the Sporting News’ list of the 50 greatest current players in baseball. A panel of 100 baseball people, many of them members of the Baseball Hall of Fame and winners of major baseball awards, were polled to arrive at the list.[1]

Hunter hit three home runs in one game against the San Diego Padres on June 13, 2009. It was the first time in his career he had accomplished the feat.

Hunter was selected to represent Los Angeles in the 2009 All-Star Game, making his third appearance, but was unable to participate, being on the disabled list because he had crashed into the outfield wall at Dodger Stadium and at AT&T Park, suffering a separation of his right shoulder that kept him for a little more than a month.

On November 10, 2009, it was announced that Hunter had won his ninth consecutive Gold Glove award for the outfield.

Two days later, it was announced that Hunter won a silver slugger award. He batted .299 with 22 homers and 90 RBI’s.

On September 2, 2011, Hunter said in an interview with the Minneapolis Star-Tribune that he wanted to retire as a member of the Angels.[2]
[edit] Highlights

Hunter began the 2007 season with one of the fastest starts to a season in his career, featuring a 23-game hitting streak starting in mid-April and ending on May 10.[3]

Hunter hit three grand slams in 2007: April 17 in Seattle, May 18 in Milwaukee, and August 15 again in Seattle.

Hunter has been awarded nine consecutive American League Gold Glove Awards for his defensive talents in center field.

Hunter has been admitted to the All star game 4 times

On May 30, 2011, Hunter collected his 1,000th RBI off of Joakim Soria, which was also a go-ahead two run home run to give the Angels a 9-8 lead, a game which they eventually won 10-8. Hunter was the 268th person to collect 1,000 RBI[4]
[edit] Charity
Hunter prior to an Arkansas Razorbacks men’s basketball game against Michigan in Bud Walton Arena.

Hunter contributes to many charities, including the “Torii Hunter Project Education Initiative,” which provides college scholarships to students in California, Arkansas, Nevada and Minnesota, the Andre Agassi College Preparatory Academy in Las Vegas, a partnership with Major League Baseball to help maintain and improve baseball diamonds in inner cities, the Big Brothers and the Prostate Cancer Foundation, and in addition, Hunter helped fund construction of a youth softball field in Placentia, California in 2008.[5] This work has resulted in Hunter being presented with the Branch Rickey Award in 2009, which rewards excellence in charity work.[5]
[edit] Controversy

In a discussion about the number of black players in the Major Leagues, Hunter said during a USA Today-hosted committee to improve baseball panel that black Latinos do not count. “People see dark faces out there, and the perception is that they’re African-American. They’re not us. They’re impostors. Even people I know come up and say: ‘Hey, what color is Vladimir Guerrero? Is he a black player?’ I say, ‘Come on, he’s Dominican. He’s not black.’ … As African-American players, we have a theory that baseball can go get an imitator and pass them off as us. It’s like they had to get some kind of dark faces, so they go to the Dominican or Venezuela because you can get them cheaper. It’s like, ‘Why should I get this kid from the South Side of Chicago and have Scott Boras represent him and pay him $5 million when you can get a Dominican guy for a bag of chips?’ … I’m telling you, it’s sad.” Though Hunter does not dispute the accuracy of the quotes, he has denied accusations of racism, insisting that he was merely making a cultural distinction between African-American and Latino players.[6]
[edit] Personal

Hunter resides during the off-season in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex suburb of Prosper, Texas. He is a cousin of former MLB outfielder Choo Freeman.[7] Despite the same spelling, Hunter was not named after torii, the gates to a Japanese Shinto shrine. Hunter says jokingly, “I think, when my mom filled out the paperwork after I was born, she accidentally put two ‘I’s.”[8]

On May 14th 2012, Hunter was put on the restricted list because his 17 year old son was arrested on sexual assault charges where Torii and his son reside in Prosper, Texas.[9]
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When the Angels placed outfielder Torii Hunter on baseball’s restricted list, it focused attention on a rarely used vehicle available to clubs in the major leagues.

Unlike the more commonly used disabled list, which is used for injuries and requires a player to sit out a specified minimum number of days, the restricted list offers the broadest and most flexible option for a team and player.

“It’s meant to be a convenience for both the club and the player — the club not to play short-handed and the player to tend to his circumstances,” MLB spokesman Mike Teevan said.

Placing a player on the restricted list requires a club to contact the head of baseball operations and review the circumstances, according to Teevan.

According to the terms by which MLB approved the Angels’ request Monday, Hunter can’t play and doesn’t count against the team’s 25-man and 40-man rosters. That allowed the team to make an immediate adjustment, which it did by adding Ryan Langerhans, an outfielder from triple-A Salt Lake.

Hunter can return at any time, though on Tuesday there was no indication when that might happen. Manager Mike Scioscia said only that Hunter’s absence was for a “personal issue” and declined to comment further.

Hunter’s 17-year-old son, Darius McClinton-Hunter of McKinney, Texas, was arrested in Prosper, Texas. Todd Shapiro, attorney for McClinton-Hunter, said his client was arraigned and pleaded not guilty to a charge of second-degree felony sexual assault of a child Monday when he posted $15,000 for bond.

The Collin County District Attorney has not yet accepted the case for prosecution, Shapiro said, and there is no court date.

On Monday, Hunter posted a message on his Twitter account that said, “This is very tough for a father. Thanks for ur prayers and support. Be Blessed everyone!”

Hunter’s teammates were reluctant to speak without knowing details, but expressed support for one of their most trusted leaders.

“We’d like to have him back as soon as possible, but family comes first,” pitcher Dan Haren said.

Added infielder-outfielder Mark Trumbo: “We all back him 100% and feel for him.”

The restricted list was used last year by the Dodgers for pitcher Ronald Belisario, who couldn’t enter the country after a positive test for cocaine. It was also used by the Miami (then Florida) Marlins last year when pitcher Leo Nunez, whose real name is Juan Carlos Oviedo, was involved with visa and identity issues.
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Torii Hunter was placed on the Los Angeles Angels’ restricted list Monday after his teenage son was arrested in Texas.

The town of Prosper, Texas, issued a news release announcing 17-year-old Darius McClinton-Hunter of neighboring McKinney, Texas, was arrested Monday in a sexual assault case. The release said Prosper police made five arrests after a monthlong investigation of sexual assault of a child, a second-degree felony.
Related

*

Ex-Blue Jays trainer testifies he injected Roger Clemens with steriods

Prosper police spokesman Celso Martinez confirmed McClinton-Hunter is Torii Hunter’s son. Hunter’s family lives in Prosper, a suburb north of Dallas that’s home to several prominent athletes including Deion Sanders and Hunter’s teammate, reliever LaTroy Hawkins.

Angels manager Mike Scioscia said Hunter has left the team, but refused to say how long Hunter will be away from the club.

“It’s a personal matter,” Scioscia said. “We’re going to go day-to-day, and we’ll just see where it is. That’s all I’m going to say.”

Darius Hunter is one of Torii Hunter’s three sons who played on the Prosper High football team last season.

All three sons, including Torii Jr. and Monshadrik “Money” Hunter, are considered Division I football prospects, with Torii Jr. considering Stanford and Darius Hunter interested in playing at Oregon, according to his father. Darius Hunter, a receiver last season, reportedly attracted interest and scholarship offers from Texas Tech, SMU and West Virginia, among others.

Hunter flew back to California with the Angels on Sunday night from the Dallas-Fort Worth area, where they faced the Rangers last weekend. But Hunter left Angel Stadium several hours before Monday’s game against the Oakland Athletics.

“This is very tough for a father,” Hunter tweeted after leaving Angel Stadium. “Thanks for ur prayers and support. Be Blessed everyone.”

Hunter sat out Sunday’s game, but would have been in the Angels’ lineup Monday night, Scioscia said. Mark Trumbo took Hunter’s spot in right field for the second straight night.

The 36-year-old Hunter is a four-time all-star, a nine-time Gold Glove winner and the Angels’ clubhouse leader and unofficial captain. He’s batting .256 with five homers and 15 RBIs this season, but has been in a slump with just two hits in 31 at-bats over Los Angeles’ previous nine games before Sunday, including an 0-for-20 skid.

The Angels called up Ryan Langerhans to replace Hunter on the roster, but Trumbo and Peter Bourjos are likely to absorb most of Hunter’s playing time. Trumbo has played several positions since Albert Pujols took his spot at first base, but the second-year pro still leads the Angels with six homers and 16 RBIs despite playing in just 26 of their 35 games.

The speedy Bourjos usually has been left out of the Angels’ lineup in recent days, making just three starts since April 29 after beginning the season as Los Angeles’ starting center fielder. He was on the bench again Monday, with heralded prospect Mike Trout again playing in centre.
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Prepare for the worst and the results can only be better than you expected. That’s the lesson naysayers learned on Monday night when radio talker Howard Stern made his long-awaited debut as the new judge
 on “America’s Got Talent.”

Stern, a huge fan of the show who has been talking up his new gig for months on his SiriusXM satellite radio show did exactly what he promised
: he was a fair, sometimes silly, sometimes harsh judge with a heart of gold and a soft spot for sappy stories. Hell, the notoriously Purell-addicted germaphobe even lumbered up onto the stage to hug a particularly sweaty, not-so-great singer after giving him a second chance at fame.

‘America’s Got Talent’ Gets Early Buzz Around Howard Stern

After dismissing the pre-debut hand-wringing by the Parents Television Council that Stern’s penchant for R-rated humor might leak over into the family-friendly show as “a foolish presumption,” Los Angeles Times writer Robert Lloyd wrote that such fretting, “sells short the show’s producers and misreads Stern, who has shown himself perfectly capable of good behavior on other people’s turf.”

Despite an introductory montage set to the Rolling Stones’ “Sympathy for the Devil” that set up his bad-boy reputation and a joke about how NBC execs must be “out of their mind” for taking a risk on him,” Lloyd said it was quickly evident that, “like fellow judges Sharon Osbourne and Howie Mandel, he [Stern] meant to play the game the way the game is meant to be played, because, to a deep degree, he believes in it.”

In a headline in which it said the shock jock, “becomes a beloved uncle,” the Washington Post’s TV reviewer mixed the sweet and sour in offering backhanded praise to the radio veteran. “Somewhere along the way to the collapse of Western civilization, pioneer shock-jock Howard Stern became a sweet old man, perhaps staving off our multimedia Armageddon,” wrote critic Hank Stuever. “At least that’s the story line presented along with Stern’s canny decision to join — at a reported fee of about $20 million — NBC’s goony amateur performance competition, ‘America’s Got Talent,’ as its newest judge.”

Stuever yawned at Stern’s rehashing of old bits about his looks and the size of his manhood, and said he did “dish out a tiny bit of brutal honesty,” but mostly came to “bask in the show’s trademark combination of awkwardness, ingenuity and love” and delivered “apple-pie pronouncements more typical of presidential candidates.”

The embrace was slightly warmer at the New York Daily News, which explained that, “to appreciate Howard Stern’s debut as a judge on ‘America’s Got Talent’ Monday night, just remember this: Inviting Stern on ‘AGT’ is not like inviting the Sex Pistols to crash ‘La Traviata’ at the Met. ‘America’s Got Talent’ didn’t hire Stern to inject outrageous and wacky. It didn’t need to. It has ‘em already.”

Critic David Hinckley said that Stern settled in quickly and comfortably on the show, praising him for being honest and getting caught up in the show’s “figurative group hugs and four-handkerchief moments.” The question remains of how Stern will deal when the goofy acts are gone and he has to make tough decisions between talented acts with widely differing skills. “There was no indication he can’t do it. But all Monday proved for sure is this is the show where he belongs.” People magazine seconded those emotions, writing, “Stern showed a lot of heart and proved he’s got talent — for judging!”

Howard Stern Calls Britney Spears And Jennifer Lopez ‘Dummies’

What did you think of Stern’s debut on “Americ
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o the surprise of no one who’s been paying attention to Howard Stern’s career over the years, Stern hit a home run in his debut as a judge on NBC’s “America’s Got Talent,” delivering the best commentary of the night without coming close to giving the FCC an opportunity to throw a penalty flag.

From the opening montage in which Stern was clearly the star, with “Sympathy for the Devil” as his intro music, it was clear NBC had made a great move in bringing him aboard. Stern’s zingers still had sting, but he was Mister Nice Guy as often as he was Doctor Evil.

As I said when the (who-are-they-again?) Parents Television Council voiced its opposition to Stern, the guy’s a pro who knows the difference between what he can get away with on satellite radio and what he can say on prime-time network TV. Not to mention the Stern of today is a markedly different broadcaster than the Stern of 20 years ago. (For example, there’s no doubt Stern must cringe when he hears archival tapes of his 35-year-old self engaging in cheap homophoboic humor, given his exemplary stance on gay rights in 2012.)

In a glowing New York Times profile last Sunday, Stern said, “I’ve actually apologized to some people I was a real jerk to, because I feel ashamed.” And just the other day we learned Stern recently had a pleasant face-to-face encounter with Kathie Lee Gifford, who was mercilessly mocked by Team Howard back in the day.

As for Stern’s qualifications to judge talent, this is a guy who has presided over more contests than probably any host in the history of radio. Granted, many of the categories over the years can’t be mentioned here, let alone described in much detail. (Suffice to say when the competition is titled, “It’s Just Wrong!” they were not engaging in false advertising.) But he knows what works and what doesn’t.

It was a brilliant stroke by NBC to replace the very British Piers Morgan and his soccer-obsessed tweets with the uber-American Stern, who has devoted hours of his radio show to discussing the behind-the-scenes details of his treks across the country to tape episodes of what is essentially a good old-fashioned talent show, not so different from the original amateur hours on TV in the 1950s.

Stern’s media blitz also included appearances on “Today,” “The View,” Ryan Seacrest’s show, Jimmy Fallon’s show, etc. They couldn’t have gotten more publicity if they’d replaced Sharon Osbourne with Sarah Palin and Howie Mandel with a drunken, random, Philadelphia sports fan.

Judging the judge

On TV and in print, on the blogs and the traditional media sites, there was near universal praise of Stern’s debut.

“On ‘America’s Got Talent’ Howard Stern becomes a beloved uncle,” was the headline in the Washington Post.

“Stern delivered apple-pie pro-nouncements more typical of presidential candidates,” wrote the Post’s Hank Stuever, who noted that Stern hugged contestants and his fellow judges, and said to a dance troupe, “This is going to sound sappy. We are the greatest country in the world. You are everything that makes America great.”

They couldn’t have had less controversy if the King of All Bland, Seacrest himself, had been tapped as judge.

Cover ‘wars’

With all the talk about the “cover wars” between Time and Newsweek, you’d think it was 1982, with the news-consuming public gathered ’round newsstands and clogging up the magazine aisles at Kroch’s & Brentano’s to peruse the latest periodicals.

First we had Time’s “Are You Mom Enough?” cover, with a young mother and her nearly 4-year-old son posing for the camera while he’s attached to her breast. Newsweek tried to trump that and succeeded only in embarrassing itself by trying way too hard and calling Barack Obama “America’s First Gay President.”

A bit of perspective here. Time has a weekly circulation of some 3.3 million while Newsweek has 1.5 million — but the overwhelming majority of Time and Newsweek customers are subscribers. But when it comes to single-issue, newsstand sales, Time averages about 76,000 copies per week, while Newsweek averages only about 40,000 per issue.

Even the most provocative covers rarely generate even double those figures.

Time or Newsweek could run a photo of a “gay” President Obama standing next to a breastfeeding Jessica Simpson, and it would still affect only about 3 percent of its sales base.
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Regardless of what you think of segments like “Hottest Chick with the Oldest Dude” or the “Tiger Woods Mistress Beauty Pageant,” new “America’s Got Talent” judge Howard Stern is not going to bring his X-rated antics to prime-time television.

Howard Stern Calls Britney Spears And Jennifer Lopez ‘Dummies’

Stern starts his run as a judge on the popular reality competition
 show on Monday (May 14) night and before viewing even one minute of his family-hour act some critics have already decided he’s going to turn the 8 p.m. hour into a non-stop cavalcade of strippers, four-letter words and bathroom humor.

If you’ve listened at all to Stern’s SiriusXM radio show over the past six months, the original radio rebel has made it clear that he has only one intention: to be the best, most honest judge on TV.

Stern is an obsessive about many things: his career-long nemesis Don Imus, his quirky bathroom habits, babysitter porn, the weight gains and losses and internecine feuds among his staff members and, yes, judges on reality series. As much as he’d love to find better uses for his time, Howard is drawn like a magnet to “American Idol,” “Dancing With the Stars” and various other shows where, frankly, he thinks the judges are lousy, lazy, dishonest and just kind of lame.

“AGT” is Stern’s chance to prove that he is willing to put up or shut up. This is the man, you may recall, who has spent decades trying to convince America that he is a poorly endowed, paunchy lover who has never satisfied a woman. How much more honest can you be?

He knows better not just as a father of three seemingly well-adjusted adult daughters, but as a professional broadcaster and 30-plus year veteran in the game. There’s a time and a place for everything and “AGT” is not the forum for the Wack Pack and the adult word of Stern. This is a guy, after all, whose first movie was a hit, but who has spent the ensuing 20-plus years reading scripts and discarding them because they didn’t ring true or feel right for him. Every move he makes is meticulously dissected, over-thought and ruminated over both on and off the air. The neurotic, locker room Howard Stern character of the radio is not the same Howard you are going to see on TV.

Because who in their right mind would humiliate a child on TV as some have suggested Stern might do? If anything, given his moral compass, Howard is more likely to go after the greedy, self-involved “Toddlers and Tiaras”-style parents that put their children up to audition for transparently selfish reasons. And who could argue with that? That’s not even mentioning the fact that “AGT” picked up the entire production and moved it to New York to accommodate Stern’s radio show. Combine that with a reported $20 million payday, and, let’s assume, an iron-clad morals clause, and there’s virtually no incentive for Stern to go off-script and try to tank the show by crossing streams with his more sordid radio world.

Why would Stern spend his life building a brand, only to go on TV and pull some kind of Andy Kaufman stunt and blow it apart just to be shocking? That’s not shocking. That’s self-destructive, bad business and frankly, just stupid.

If there’s anything I’ve learned after listening to Stern for the past two decades it’s that he will pick fights with management and complain and lash out, he will stomp his feet, vent his spleen and complain ad nauseum about being treated poorly, but he will not embarrass himself or do anything that could tarnish the legacy of what he’s so painstakingly built for himself and his audience. (Okay, Fartman was not his best moment, but still, c’mon, it was still pretty hilarious.)

He wants you to love him, needs you to love him and after hit radio shows, movies, books and television production credits, what better way to do that than to once again prove his detractors wrong and conquer the one medium he’s got left on his bucket list: star of prime time TV?

Plus, he loves to win, lives to win, and he knows that with this move he can’t lose. There’s little or no competition from other big-name shows in the summer months, the program already has a huge ratings base and any drop-off from the Stern Effect will easily be made up by his millions of fans. The curiosity factor alone (not to mention a huge, full-court ad campaign that had the normally press-averse Stern doing talk shows and New York Times interviews) will surely give the first few weeks a major ratings boost.

After years of experiments, plugging a celebrity judge into a panel is a mixed blessing at this point. Steven Tyler was kind of fun and quirky on last year’s “American Idol,” but by this season he was merely irritating and mostly just a peacocking place-filler who offered little or nothing of substance to the contestants.

Howard’s watched this, studied it and has promised that he will be a different kind of judge. “All these articles talk about how I’ve changed and I’m like, ‘Good, I hope I’ve changed,’” Stern said on his satellite radio show on Monday (May 14) about his bad-boy reputation. He’s less angry, jealous and resentful these days, but he’s also more keenly aware of what it takes to entertain and I have a feeling that, love him or hate him, if you tune in tonight you’re going to be surprised. And I guarantee you will be entertained.
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Somewhere along the way to the collapse of Western civilization, pioneer shock-jock Howard Stern became a sweet old man, perhaps staving off our multimedia Armageddon. At least that’s the story line presented along with Stern’s canny decision to join — at a reported fee of about $20 million — NBC’s goony amateur performance competition, “America’s Got Talent,” as its newest judge.

Despite the predictable howls of the Parents Television Council, which fruitlessly needled the network to reconsider putting Stern on what some consider a family-friendly variety show, Monday night’s seventh-season premiere was mostly business as usual.

57

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Hank Stuever is The Washington Post’s TV critic and author of two books, “Tinsel” and “Off Ramp.”

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Stern, 58, is hardly the loaded pistol he used to be. By now, his self-deprecating jokes about his gawky looks and the minimal size of his manhood — shtick that Stern brought out during “America’s Got Talent,” early and often, just as he did more than 20 years ago — are as familiar as an uncle’s rehashed routines at the Thanksgiving table. Fartman is just an outrageous memory now.

This mellower Stern came to “America’s Got Talent” as a self-avowed true believer in the show’s hunt for amateurs who have something intangibly winning about their acts. He came to dish out a tiny bit of brutal honesty, but mainly he seemed to want to bask in the show’s trademark combination of awkwardness, ingenuity and love. He hugged everyone he saw. He leaped on stage to hug contestants. He tried to hug his notoriously germaphobic fellow judge, Howie Mandel. He hugged Ozzy Osbourne, the immortal rock legend who is married to Stern’s other fellow judge, the ubiquitous Sharon.

Stern delivered apple-pie pronouncements more typical of presidential candidates. When a dance troupe used glowing costumes and props to simulate dinosaurs and prehistoric plant life, Stern gushed:

“This is going to sound sappy,” he said. “We are the greatest country in the world. You are everything that makes America great.”

He’s been a little lonely, we think. He’s richer than he ever dreamed of. And although he still likes to think of himself as a marginalized provocateur, the fact is that the Howard Stern of the 1980s and ’90s has been fully validated. He poked and prodded America into frank conversations about gender, sex, bodily functions, politics, culture, art. He triumphed over his real and imagined oppressors. He lost nearly 75 percent of his listeners when he left terrestrial syndicated radio for his own gig on satellite radio, meaning that most of us would only ever hear him again when driving rental cars. But he found liberation out there, and an even more loyal audience. He had his cake and ate it, and then smeared the frosting all over Lady Liberty’s decolletage, motorboat-style.

Taking a TV judging job is the new late-career choice for the nation’s celebrity class. Some find themselves underemployed, some need the additional marketing traction and some are just bored. They all need the attention; Stern has famously admitted in the open-therapy session that is his radio show that he has a bottomless need for approval. With Monday’s announcement that Britney Spears is joining Fox’s singing show “The X Factor” as a judge along with Demi Lovato (who, at 19, might consider competition-show judging the same as declaring a major), we should probably brace ourselves for even more amateur talent shows with celebrity panels — the “Match Game” and “Hollywood Squares” of our era.

“America’s Got Talent,” then, is a natural way for Stern to rejoin whatever remains of our sense of mass culture. This is a world of strivers that never stopped dreaming of winning the school talent show. What I like about the show — corny and protracted and needless as it may be — is what Stern seems to like about it, too: Being on TV still matters to a whole lot of everyday people.

The teenage clogging crews, the terrible crooners, the tiny girl scaling her aerial silks, the bad rapping, the magician-stripper, the lady who sings with a dozen cockatiels perched on her shoulders, the guy with the arrow gun shooting at balloons held in his comely companion’s mouth. It’s America winnowed down to its least-shy denizens. A group that would definitely include Howard Stern.

Stern, who replaces (the not-at-all-missed) Piers Morgan on the judge’s panel, hammed it up for the two-hour episode, which began the arduous task of screening contestants in various cities (starting in Los Angeles, then St. Louis), forwarding some on to a semifinal in Las Vegas and delivering the bad news to countless others. Eventually, the show will move into its live phase. It only takes forever — the real hallmark of “America’s Got Talent” is its ability to drag on eternally, as if every last taxpayer and dependent child is going to get a few seconds on the screen.

On Monday’s episode, Stern at times seemed to tread into Mandel’s territory, cracking bad jokes and playfully championing the woefully off-key or insufficiently talented. At other times, Stern seemed to make good on his original billing and namesake — that of a blunt, honest judge.

“Has someone in your life said to you, ‘This isn’t for you?’ ” he asked one singer, whom the audience had already booed. “A parent, maybe?”

“My parents are dead,” the man replied.

“Did they die of embarrassment?” Stern asked.

That’s as tough and unpredictable as our Uncle Howard ever got.
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Howard Allan Stern (born January 12, 1954) is an American radio personality, television host, author, actor and photographer best known for his radio show which was nationally syndicated from 1986 to 2005. He gained wide recognition in the 1990s where he was labeled a “shock jock” for his outspoken and sometimes controversial style. Stern has been exclusive to Sirius XM Radio, a subscription-based satellite radio service, since 2006. The son of a former recording and radio engineer, Stern wished to pursue a career in radio at the age of five. While at Boston University he worked at the campus station WTBU before a brief stint at WNTN in Newton, Massachusetts.

He developed his on-air personality when he landed positions at WRNW in Briarcliff Manor, WCCC in Hartford and WWWW in Detroit. In 1981, he was paired with his current newscaster and co-host Robin Quivers at WWDC in Washington, D.C. Stern then moved to WNBC in New York City in 1982 to host afternoons until his firing in 1985. He re-emerged on WXRK that year, and became one of the most popular radio personalities during his 20-year tenure at the station. Stern’s show is the most-fined radio program, after the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) issued fines to station licensees for allegedly indecent material that totaled $2.5 million. Stern has won Billboard’s Nationally Syndicated Air Personality of the Year award eight times, and is one of the highest-paid figures in radio.[1]

Stern describes himself as the King of All Media for his ventures outside radio. Since 1987, he has hosted numerous late night television shows, pay-per-view events and home video releases. He embarked on a five-month political campaign for Governor of New York in 1994. His two books, Private Parts (1993) and Miss America (1995), spent 20 and 16 weeks respectively on The New York Times Best Seller list. The former was adapted into Private Parts (1997), a biographical comedy film that starred Stern and his radio show staff that earned $41.2 million in domestic revenue. Stern performs on its soundtrack which topped the Billboard 200 chart.
Contents
[hide]

* 1 Early life and education
* 2 Career
o 2.1 Early professional radio career (1976–1981)
o 2.2 Washington and WNBC New York (1981–1985)
o 2.3 K-Rock, early television endeavors and Fartman (1985–1992)
o 2.4 Private Parts, E! show and run for Governor (1993–1994)
o 2.5 Miss America and Private Parts film (1995–1997)
o 2.6 Return to Saturday night television and productions (1998–2004)
o 2.7 Satellite radio and America’s Got Talent (2004–present)
* 3 FCC fines
* 4 Personal life
* 5 Filmography
o 5.1 Films
o 5.2 Home video releases
o 5.3 Television
* 6 Discography
* 7 Bibliography
* 8 References
* 9 Sources
* 10 External links

[edit] Early life and education
Stern graduated from the College of Public Communications at Boston University in 1976.

Stern was born on January 12, 1954 into a Jewish family who lived in Jackson Heights, Queens in New York City.[2][3] His parents Ben and Ray (née Schiffman) are children of Austro-Hungarian immigrants, and his sister Ellen is four years older than he.[2] The family moved to the hamlet of Roosevelt on Long Island in 1955,[4] where Stern developed an interest in radio at five years of age.[5] While Ray was a homemaker and later an inhalation therapist,[6][7] Ben was a co-owner of Aura Recording, Inc., a recording studio in Manhattan where cartoons and commercials were produced.[8] When he made occasional visits with his father, Stern witnessed actors Wally Cox, Don Adams and Larry Storch voice his favorite cartoon characters,[9][10] which influenced him to later talk on the air rather than play records.[11] Ben was also an engineer at WHOM, a radio station in Manhattan.[8] On completion of sixth grade, Stern left Washington-Rose Elementary School for Roosevelt Junior-Senior High School.[12] In June 1969, the family moved to nearby Rockville Centre and Stern transferred to South Side High School.[13]

Stern spent the first two of four years at Boston University in the College of Basic Studies.[14] In 1973, he started to work at WTBU, the campus radio station where he spun records, read the news, and hosted interviews.[14] He also hosted a comedy program with three fellow students called The King Schmaltz Bagel Hour.[15] Stern gained admission to the School of Public Communications in 1974[16] and earned a diploma in July 1975 at the Radio Engineering Institute of Electronics in Fredericksburg, Virginia which allowed him to apply for a first class FCC radio-telephone license.[17][18] With the license, Stern made his professional debut at WNTN in Newton, Massachusetts, performing airshift, newscasting and production duties between August and December 1975.[19] He graduated magna cum laude from Boston University in May 1976 with a degree in Communications[3][14] and now funds a scholarship at the university.[20]
[edit] Career
See also: The Howard Stern Show, Howard Stern television shows, and Howard Stern videography and discography
[edit] Early professional radio career (1976–1981)

After his graduation in 1976, Stern declined an offer to work evenings at WRNW, a progressive rock station in Briarcliff Manor, Westchester County, New York.[21] He was unsure of his talent, and questioned his future in the professional industry. Stern took creative and media planning roles at Benton & Bowles, a New York advertising agency, followed by a job in selling radio time to advertisers.[22] He realized the mistake of declining on-air work and contacted WRNW a second time where he agreed to work covering shifts over the Christmas holiday period.[19][23] Stern was hired full time in 1977 and worked a four-hour midday shift, six days per week a $96 weekly salary.[17] He subsequently worked as the station’s production and program director for an increased salary of $250.[19][24]

In 1979, Stern spotted an advertisement for a “wild, fun morning guy” at rock station WCCC in Hartford, Connecticut.[25] He submitted a more outrageous audition tape with Robert Klein and Cheech and Chong records mixed with flatulence routines and one-liners.[26] Stern was hired with no change in salary with a more intense schedule. After four hours on the air he voiced and produced commercials for another four. On Saturdays, following a six-hour show, he did production work for the next three. As the station’s public affairs director he also hosted a Sunday morning talk show which he favoured.[27] In the summer of the 1979 energy crisis, Stern held a two-day boycott of Shell Oil Company which attracted media attention.[28] Stern left WCCC a year later after he was declined a pay increase.[29] Fred Norris, the overnight disc jockey, has been Stern’s producer and writer since 1981.[30]

Management at rock outlet WWWW in Detroit, Michigan praised Stern’s audition tape in their search for a new morning man.[31] Stern was hired for the job which he started on April 21, 1980.[13] He learned to become more open on the air and “decided to cut down the barriers…strip down all the ego…and be totally honest”, he later told Newsday.[32] His efforts earned him a Billboard award for “Album-Oriented Rock Personality of the Year For a Major Market” and the Drake-Chenault “Top Five Talent Search” title.[33][34] The station however, ran into problems after Stern’s quarterly Arbitron ratings had decreased while it struggled to compete with its stronger rock competitors. In January 1981, WWWW switched to a country music format much to Stern’s dislike, who left the station soon after.[35] He received offers to work at WXRT in Chicago and CHUM in Toronto, but did not take them.[34][36]
[edit] Washington and WNBC New York (1981–1985)

Stern moved to Washington, D.C. to host mornings at rock station WWDC on March 2, 1981.[37][38] He wanted to develop his show further, and looked for a co-worker with a sense of humor to riff with on news and current events.[39] The station paired Stern with Robin Quivers, a newscaster and consumer affairs reporter from WFBR in Baltimore.[40] Though he felt restricted and controlled by management who enforced a strict format, Stern had the second highest rated morning radio program in January 1982.[41][42] Impressed with his ratings success, NBC approached Stern with an offer to work afternoons at WNBC in New York City. After Stern signed a five-year contract worth $1 million in March,[43] his relationship with WWDC management worsened,[44] and his contract with the station was terminated on June 25. He had more than tripled the station’s morning ratings during his stay.[45] In its July issue The Washingtonian named Stern the area’s best disc jockey.[46] Stern released 50 Ways to Rank Your Mother, a comedy album of his radio bits. The record was re-released as Unclean Beaver in November 1994.[47]

On April 2, 1982, a news report by Douglas Kiker on raunch radio featuring Stern aired on NBC Magazine.[48] The piece stimulated discussion among NBC management to withdraw Stern’s contract. When he began his afternoon program in September,[49] management closely monitored Stern, telling him to avoid talk of a sexual and religious nature.[50] In his first month, Stern was suspended for several days for “Virgin Mary Kong”, a segment featuring a video game where a group of men pursued the Virgin Mary around a singles bar in Jerusalem.[48] An attorney was hired to man a “dump button”, and cut Stern off the microphone should potentially offensive areas be discussed. This became the task of program director Kevin Metheny, who Stern nicknamed “Pig Virus”.[48] On May 21, 1984, Stern made his first appearance on Late Night with David Letterman, launching him into the national spotlight.[13] A year later he claimed the highest ratings at WNBC in four years with a 5.7% market share.[51]

On September 30, 1985, Stern and Quivers were fired for what management termed “conceptual differences” regarding the show.[52] “Over the course of time, we made a very conscious effort to make Stern aware that certain elements of the program should be changed…I don’t think it’s appropriate to say what those specifics were”,[53] said program director John Hayes, who Stern nicknamed “The Incubus”. In 1992, Stern believed Thornton Bradshaw, chairman of WNBC’s owner RCA, heard his “Bestiality Dial-a-Date” segment and ordered his firing.[50] Stern and Quivers kept in touch with their audience throughout October and November where they toured club venues with a stage show.[52]
[edit] K-Rock, early television endeavors and Fartman (1985–1992)

Stern signed a contract with Infinity Broadcasting worth around $500,000[54] and returned to afternoons on its New York rock station WXRK on November 18, 1985.[52] The show moved to mornings on February 18, 1986 and entered national syndication on August 18 when WYSP in Philadelphia first simulcast the program.[52] In October 1992, Stern became the first to have the number one morning radio show in New York and Los Angeles simultaneously.[55] In the New York market The Howard Stern Show was the highest-rated morning program for seven consecutive years between 1994 and 2001.[56] In 1994, Billboard magazine added the “Nationally Syndicated Air Personality of the Year” category to its annual radio awards based on entertainment value, creativity and ratings success.[57] Stern was awarded the title from 1994 to 2002.[58][59]

In May 1987, Stern recorded five television pilots for Fox when the network planned to replace The Late Show hosted by Joan Rivers.[60] The series was never picked up; one executive having described the show as “poorly produced”, “in poor taste” and “boring”.[61] Stern hosted his first pay-per-view event on February 27, 1988 named Howard Stern’s Negligeé and Underpants Party.[52] Over 60,000 homes purchased the two-hour special that grossed $1.2 million.[62] On September 7, 1989, over 16,000 fans packed out Nassau Coliseum for Howard Stern’s U.S. Open Sores, a live event that featured a tennis match between Stern and his radio show producer, Gary Dell’Abate.[52] Both events were released for home video. From 1990 to 1992, Stern was the host of The Howard Stern Show, a Saturday night program on WWOR-TV. The series ran for 69 episodes to 65 markets nationwide.[63] In February 1991, Stern released Crucified by the FCC, a collection of censored radio segments following the first fine issued to Infinity by the FCC over alleged indecency.[64] He released a third video tape, Butt Bongo Fiesta, in October 1992 that sold 260,000 copies for a gross of over $10 million.[64][65] He returned to Saturday night television that November with The Howard Stern “Interview”, a one-on-one celebrity interview series on E!.[citation needed]

Stern appeared at the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards as Fartman, a fictional superhero that first appeared in the National Lampoon humor magazine series. According to the trademark he filed for the character that October, he first used Fartman in July 1981.[66] Stern rejected multiple scripts for a proposed summer 1993 release of The Adventures of Fartman until a verbal agreement was reached with New Line Cinema.[67] Screenwriter J. F. Lawton had prepared a script before relations soured over the film’s rating, content and merchandising rights and the project was abandoned.[68][69]
[edit] Private Parts, E! show and run for Governor (1993–1994)

In 1993, Stern signed a $1 million advance contract with Simon & Schuster to publish his first book.[70] Co-authored with Larry Sloman and edited by Judith Regan, the release of Private Parts on October 7 saw its first printing of 225,000 copies being sold within hours of going on sale. It became the fastest-selling title in the history of Schuster after five days.[71] In its eighth printing two weeks later, over one million copies had been distributed.[65][70] Stern embarked on a book signing tour that attracted an estimated 10,000 fans at a Barnes & Noble store on Fifth Avenue in New York.[70] In its first run, Private Parts spent 20 weeks on The New York Times Best-Seller list.[72] Stern has written forewords for Steal This Dream (1998), a biography of Abbie Hoffman, Disgustingly Dirty Joke Book (1998) by Jackie Martling, Too Fat to Fish (2008) by Artie Lange, and Dear Mrs. Fitzsimmons: Tales of Redemption from an Irish Mailbox (2010) by Greg Fitzsimmons.

Stern hosted his second pay-per-view event, The Miss Howard Stern New Year’s Eve Pageant, on December 31, 1993. It broke the subscriber record for a non-sports event previously held by a New Kids on the Block concert in 1990.[65] Around 400,000 households purchased the event that grossed an estimated $16 million.[73] Stern released the program on VHS in early 1994 as Howard Stern’s New Year’s Rotten Eve 1994. Between his book royalties and pay-per-view profits, Stern’s earnings in the latter months of 1993 totalled around $7.5 million.[74] In its 20th anniversary issue in 1993, Radio & Records named Stern the most influential air personality of the past two decades.[75]

On March 21, 1994, Stern announced his candidacy for Governor of New York under the Libertarian Party ticket, challenging Mario Cuomo for re-election.[76] He planned to reinstate the death penalty, stagger highway tolls to improve traffic flow, and limit road work to night hours.[77] At the party’s nomination convention in Albany on April 23, Stern won the required two-thirds majority on the first ballot, receiving 287 of the 381 votes cast (75.33%). James Ostrowski finished second with 34 votes (8.92%).[78] To place his name on the November ballot, Stern was obliged to state his home address and to complete a financial disclosure form under the Ethics in Government Act of 1987. After declining to disclose his financial information, Stern was denied an injunction on August 2.[79] He withdrew his candidacy two days later. Cuomo was defeated in the gubernatorial election on November 8 by George Pataki, who Stern backed. Pataki signed “The Howard Stern Bill” that limited construction on state roads to night hours in New York and Long Island, in 1995.[80]

In June 1994, robotic cameras were installed at WXRK studios to film The Howard Stern Show for a condensed half-hour show on E!.[81] Howard Stern ran for 11 years until the last taped episode aired on July 8, 2005.[82] In conjunction with his move to satellite radio, Stern launched Howard Stern on Demand, a subscription video-on-demand service, on November 18.[83] The service was relaunched as Howard TV on March 16, 2006.[84]
[edit] Miss America and Private Parts film (1995–1997)

On April 3, 1995, three days after the shooting of singer Selena, Stern’s comments regarding her death and Mexican Americans caused an uproar in the Hispanic community. He criticized her music and gunfire sound effects were played over her songs. “This music does absolutely nothing for me. Alvin and the Chipmunks have more soul…Spanish people have the worst taste in music. They have no depth”.[85] On April 6, Stern responded with a statement in Spanish, stressing his comments were made in satire and not intended to hurt those who loved her.[86] A day later, Justice of the Peace Eloy Cano of Harlingen, Texas issued an arrest warrant on Stern for disorderly conduct.[87]

In 1995, Stern signed a deal with ReganBooks worth $3 million to write his second book, Miss America.[88] He wrote about his cybersex experiences on the Prodigy service, a private meeting with Michael Jackson, and his suffering with obsessive-compulsive disorder.[89] Released on November 7, the book sold 33,000 copies at Barnes & Noble stores on the same day which set a new one-day record.[90] Publishers Weekly reported over 1.39 million copies were sold by the year’s end and ranked it the third best-selling book of 1995.[91] Miss America spent a total of 16 weeks on The New York Times best-seller list.[72]

Production for a film adaptation of Private Parts began in May 1996 with all shooting complete in four months.[92] Its premiere was held at The Theatre at Madison Square Garden on February 27, 1997, where Stern performed “The Great American Nightmare” with Rob Zombie.[93] Making its general release on March 7, Private Parts topped the box office sales in its opening weekend with a gross of $14.6 million, and went on to earn a total of $41.2 million in domestic gross revenue.[94] The film holds a “fresh” rating on Rotten Tomatoes, a website that aggregates film reviews. 79% of critics gave Private Parts a positive review based on a sample of 48 reviews, with an average score of 6.6 out of 10.[95] For his performance, Stern won a Blockbuster Entertainment Award for “Favorite Male Newcomer” and was nominated for a Golden Satellite Award for “Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture (Comedy)” and a Golden Raspberry Award for “Worst New Star”.[citation needed] The soundtrack to Private Parts sold 178,000 copies in its first week of release, topping the Billboard 200 chart.[96]

Stern filed a $1.5 million lawsuit against Ministry of Film Inc. in October 1997, claiming it recruited him for a film titled Jane starring Melanie Griffith while knowing it had insufficient funds. Stern, who was unpaid when production ceased, accused the studio of breach of contract, fraud and negligent representation.[97] A settlement was reached in 1999 with Stern receiving $50,000.[98]
[edit] Return to Saturday night television and productions (1998–2004)

In August 1998, Stern returned to Saturday night television with The Howard Stern Radio Show.[99] Broadcast across the country on CBS affiliates, it featured radio show highlights along with material unseen in his nightly E! show. The show competed for ratings with comedy shows Saturday Night Live on NBC and MADtv on Fox. Concerned with its risqué content, affiliates began to leave the show after two episodes.[100] Making its launch on 79 stations on August 22, 1998, this number was reduced to 55 by June 1999.[101] A total of 84 episodes were broadcast.[citation needed] The final re-run aired on November 17, 2001, to around 30 markets.[102][103]

In 1994, Stern launched the Howard Stern Production Company for original and joint production and development ventures. He intended to make a film adaptation of Brother Sam, the biography of the late comedian Sam Kinison.[104] In September 1999, UPN announced the production of Doomsday, an animated science-fiction comedy series executively produced by Stern.[105] Originally set for a 2000 release, Stern starred as Orinthal, a family dog.[106] The project was eventually abandoned. From 2000 to 2002, Stern was the executive producer of Son of the Beach, a sitcom which ran for three seasons on FX. In late 2001, Howard Stern Productions was reportedly developing a new sitcom titled Kane.[107] The pilot episode was never filmed. In 2002, Stern acquired the rights to comedy films Rock ‘n’ Roll High School (1979) and Porky’s (1982). He filed a $100 million lawsuit in March 2003 against ABC and the producers of Are You Hot?, claiming the series was based on his radio segment called “The Evaluators”. A settlement was reached on August 7.[108]

Stern announced in early 2004 of talks with ABC to host a prime time interview special, which never materialized. In August 2004, cable channel Spike picked up 13 episodes of Howard Stern: The High School Years, a second animated series Stern was to executive produce.[109] On November 14, 2005, Stern announced the completion of episode scripts and 30 seconds of test animations.[110] Stern eventually gave the project up. In 2007, he explained the episodes could have been produced “on the cheap” at $300,000 each, though the quality he demanded would have cost over $1 million.[111] Actor Michael Cera was cast as the lead voice.[112]
[edit] Satellite radio and America’s Got Talent (2004–present)
Following Stern’s move to Sirius, he assembled the Howard 100 News team.

On October 6, 2004, Stern announced the signing of a five-year contract with Sirius Satellite Radio, a medium free from FCC regulations, that started in January 2006.[113] His decision to leave terrestrial radio occurred in the aftermath of the controversy surrounding the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show in February that caused a crackdown on perceived indecency in broadcasting. The incident prompted tighter control over content by station owners and managers to which Stern felt “dead inside” creatively.[114] Stern hosted his final broadcast on terrestrial airwaves on December 16, 2005.[115] During his 20 years at WXRK his show had syndicated in 60 markets[116][117] across the United States and Canada and gained a peak audience of 20 million listeners.[118][119][120]

With an annual budget of $100 million for all production, staff and programming costs, Stern launched two channels on Sirius in 2005 named Howard 100 and Howard 101. He assembled the Howard 100 News team that covered stories about his show and those associated with it, and a new dedicated studio was constructed at Sirius’ headquarters in New York.[121] On January 9, 2006, the day of his first broadcast, Stern and his agent received 34.3 million shares of stock from the company worth $218 million for exceeding subscriber targets set in 2004.[122] A second stock incentive was paid in 2007, with Stern receiving 22 million shares worth $82.9 million.[123]

On February 28, 2006, CBS Radio (formerly Infinity Broadcasting) filed a lawsuit against Stern, his agent and Sirius. The suit claimed Stern had misused CBS broadcast time to promote Sirius for unjust enrichment during the last 14 months of his terrestrial radio contract.[124][125] In a press conference held hours before the suit was filed, Stern said it was nothing more than a “personal vendetta” against him by CBS president Leslie Moonves.[126] A settlement was reached on May 25, with Sirius paying $2 million to CBS for control of Stern’s 20-year broadcast archives.[127] In the same month, Time magazine included Stern in its Time 100 list.[128] He also ranked seventh in Forbes’ Celebrity 100 list in June 2006,[129] and reappeared in 2011 at number 26.[130]

Stern signed a new contract with Sirius to continue his show for five more years in December 2010.[131] Following the agreement, Stern and his agent filed a lawsuit against Sirius on March 22, 2011, for allegedly failing to pay stock bonuses promised to them from the past four years while helping the company exceed subscriber growth targets. Sirius said it was “surprised and disappointed” by the suit.[132] On April 17, 2012, New York Judge Barbara Kapnick “granted a SiriusXM motion for summary judgment, dismissing the lawsuit.”[133]

In May, Stern announced that he would be broadcasting on a reduced schedule, alternating between three-day and four-day working weeks.[134] On December 15, 2011, Stern announced that he will replace Piers Morgan as a judge for the seventh season of America’s Got Talent. Filming will take place in New York and will start in February 2012.[135]

Emily Maynard seemed especially smitten by single dads Doug and Tony on Monday’s Bachelorette premiere, but former ABC leading lady Ali Fedotowsky says it’s Jef who’s a better match.

“I am loving Jef with one F!” Fedotowsky, ABC’s 2010 Bachelorette, told Us Weekly at a Los Angeles viewing party Monday. “I just think he is spunky and I want to be friends with him!”

RECAP: What you missed on Monday’s episode of The Bachelorette

Having given Brad Womack’s ex Maynard, 26, advice before she began her search for love in Charlotte, N.C., Fedotowsky tells Us that Jef fits Maynard’s profile of her ideal guy. “She says she likes guys who are tattooed and a little more on the rougher side,” explains the newly-single Fedotwsky. “Jef could possibly be [a frontrunner] because he seems like he’s a little funky, a little different and I think she’d like that.”

VIDEO: Emily warms up to race car driver Arie on the premiere

Fedotowsky — who split from her Bachelorette love match Roberto Martinez in November 2011 — also raved about race car driver Arie and single father Doug, who had his 11-year-old son write Maynard a note introducing his dad.

“Whoever ends up with Emily is going to end up with a kid. They need to know that and the great thing about Doug is that he has a child. He knows what it’s about and he obviously has a good relationship with his son based on the letter that he wrote Emily, so I think that’s going to be huge for her!”

VIDEO: Emily’s incredible bond with her daughter Ricki

Eliminating six guys at the end of Monday’s premiere, Maynard seemed optimistic with her remaining suitors. “You all have exceeded my expectations a million times over and I’m really confident that it can work out this time,” she told the men after Monday’s rose ceremony.

Tell Us: Who do you think is the best Bachelorette match for Emily?
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ABC’s “The Bachelorette” bowed for the eighth season on Monday, and single mom Emily Maynard, who broke off her engagement to former “Bachelor” Brad Womack last year, was faced with 25 fresh faces – one of who may be lucky enough to put a ring on it by the end of the season.

Jesse Csincsak, winner of the fourth season of “The Bachelorette” and married to “The Bachelor” contestant Ann Lueders, is FOX411 Pop Tart’s resident expert in all things “Bachelor”-related, so we got his take on episode numero uno.

POP TARTS: Season premiere… interesting enough for ya?

Jesse Csincsak: Last night seemed very short to me. I felt like we got to meet all the guys, gave out a first impression and then we went right into a rose ceremony… no drama, no smack talking.

POP TARTS: You’ve said before you aren’t a huge fan of Emily. Why is that?

JC: I am just having trouble believing the things that are coming out of her mouth since no more than six months ago she was on camera with Chris Harrison saying how much she hated cameras and the media and the limelight! Now all of a sudden she gets a nice fat check from production and she is the Bachelorette?

Okay that’s fine; no biggie lots of people would be the Bachelorette for a boat load of money. But then let’s not pretend that love is the number one reason you came on the show. It is actually number two. Money is number one and since nobody wants to end up alone, we will call having a guy to share your $250K a close number two. Sound fair?

POP TARTS: Alrighty then! Now onto the guys… who was your favorite contestant?

JC: Jef, yes that’s Jef with one F. He is the CEO of a water company and came in on his skateboard being towed by the limo! I loved the entrance as I thought it was original and didn’t look like he was trying too hard.

POP TARTS: Who did you feel most sorry for?

JC: Kalon, the guy who came in last on the helicopter. I think the production company is setting him up to be just like Bentley from Ashley Hebert’s season, season seven.

I also think it may only be only a matter of time before a contestant who is wealthy like Bentley or Kalon end up suing the production company for defamation of character for the bad edit they get on the show.

POP TARTS: Speaking of entrances, who rocked and who tanked?

JC: The cleverest entrance goes to Brent who has six kids. He was very genuine and rolled up with a name tag, I thought that was super original and he seemed very kind. The worst entrance goes to Randy, a marketing manager. I hope his marketing ideas aren’t as bad as this idea of dressing like an old lady.

POP TARTS: What’s something audiences might not know about “The Bachelorette”?

JC: Everyone always asks me what the one thing nobody knows about the show is… Well, on night one “The Bachelor” or “The Bachelorette” pick their final four. That’s right. Think about it – filming starts a 8pm and stops at 6am and you’re telling me if you were in a room with 25 guys for 10 hours you couldn’t pick four people to travel the globe with for the next 6 weeks and get to know better?
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Heading into this season of “The Bachelorette,” host Chris Harrison warned fans that the show featuring Emily Maynard would be “drastically different” than any that have come before.

Indeed, there are plenty of obvious changes: Emily, who broke off her engagement to former “Bachelor” Brad Womack last year, didn’t head to the show’s gaudy mansion in Hollywood to kick off her season. Instead, the program’s producers allowed the blond to stay in her hometown of Charlotte, N.C. as to not uproot her 6-year-old daughter, Ricki. Emily, of course, is the first single mother ever to be at the center of “The Bachelorette”; Ricki’s dad, a NASCAR driver, died in a tragic accident only days before Emily found out she was pregnant with their child.

Despite those shifts, there were still plenty of standard “Bachelorette” conventions during the show’s first episode Monday night. Of course, we had a handful of contrived, gimmicky entrances from Emily’s 25 would-be husbands. Lots of awkward, forced chatter at the introductory cocktail party, followed by way-too-early declarations of love for Emily after mere hours of meeting her. And just a lot of hideous facial hair.

As for Emily, even after watching her on Brad’s season, I’d forgotten how drop-dead this chick is. She’s like some genetically perfect Southern-belle, beauty-queen Barbie that I’m still not sure can actually exist in real life. And let’s just say I thought the guys equaling her attractiveness level were, well, scant.

While Emily may have the dudes beat on the hotness scale, the majority of the men seemed far more at ease socially than she. While the initial meetings are always slightly uncomfortable to watch, I found this season’s introductions particularly excruciating. While I’m sure she was nervous, Emily barely offered up any personality while greeting the men, dropping the phrases “Awesome!” and “Gaw-lee!” three-zillion-and-a-half times.

In general, the whole vibe of the show was far less fun than usual. Listen, I get that Emily’s a single mom, so we’re not going to get the montage of her running on the beach and flaunting her body. But how about showing her with some friends or something? Isn’t she supposedly 26 years old? The program painted her out to be a total spinster.

There she was, telling little Ricki Tick to “get all the sugar buds” out while brushing her teeth. Playing with Ricki in the park. And then tucking Ricki in when she went to bed at 7:30. (Do kids really go to bed at 7:30?!? Golly.) Plus, all we learned about her hopes and dreams for herself is that she wants a “minivan full of babies.” It just seemed a tad one-dimensional, and I wish we could have seen some of her job, or any evidence that she has a life outside of her daughter.

The guys, too, seemed even more earnest than average. Sure, there were the requisite attention-seekers — Kalon, some Richie Rich who arrived at the mansion in a helicopter, and rock-star wannabe David, whose song for Emily consisted of only one lyric: “Emily.” But the majority of the men seemed relatively serious, repeatedly telling Emily how she was gorgeous and beautiful and strong and made of rays of golden sunshine.

In a huge surprise, Emily gave the evening’s first-impression rose to single-dad Doug, after he handed Emily a letter his son “wrote” for her. Yes, I am sure your 11-year-old penned an opus extolling the virtues of a woman he’s never met. Doug probably has a pretty good shot of making it far this season, as does Chris. A corporate sales director from Illinois, Chris dropped numerous religious references upon meeting Emily, and when he gave her bobble heads of the two of them he’d somehow procured, she found the gag cute instead of creepy.

Another dude Emily seemed to like was Jef, a guy with a pompadour who gets clean water to Third World countries who arrived on a skateboard. I wanted to hate this man with his terrible hair, but he actually seemed pretty sweet. My only hesitation about him for Emily is that he’s relatively scrawny, and Emily seems to like the more strapping Brad-types. Like Ryan, a former professional football player. While Ryan was also having some hair problems — his locks were kind of spiked up in the middle of his head — he pulled a relatively cute stunt upon arriving: He told Emily he wrote out some notes, and then pulled a paper that read “You’re so beautiful” on one side and “I’m so nervous” on the other.

Meanwhile, I was inclined to dislike Arie, a race-car driver, because it seemed all too convenient that the show’s producers would set Emily up with someone who has the same job as her late fiancé. But Arie was pretty down-to-earth, expressing his nerves and telling Emily up front about his job.

As is typical for me after the first episode of a season, I’m still not sold on our newest protagonist. While Emily may be perfectly sweet and a great mother, she didn’t exactly dazzle me with her wit and charm. Still, I’m holding out hope that she isn’t actually as fake as her impeccable veneers.
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You may remember this season’s bachelorette, Emily Maynard, as the winner (and later dumpee) of the less-than-bright Bachelor Brad. She’s the hot single mom with a tragic past and too many morals (she refused the overnight invitation).

Her fiance, NASCAR driver Ricky Hendrick, died in a plane crash — a plane she would have been on if it wasn’t for the morning sickness she was experiencing with their unborn daughter. Okay, that is very sad. No jokes there.

This time around, ABC is skipping the Los Angeles mansion in favor of Emily’s hometown of Charlotte, North Carolina. Twenty-five eligible bachelors will vie for Emily and her daughter’s affection while acting like immature jerks on national television.

Emily Meets Her Options

Sarah: I remember the many reasons why I skipped the Bachelorette last season: Guys are not catty, they don’t wear hideous dresses and Chris made me choose between it and “Gossip Girl” for a spot on the DVR. When Travis exited the limo with an ostrich egg in hand, I realized that this season had enough idiots to keep me interested. He told Emily that he is going to take care of it on this journey to symbolize how he would take care of her and Ricki. WEIRD. Run Emily, run. Best arrival is Kalon, who lands a helicopter in the backyard and wears a really nice suit. I’m sold, but now all the guys hate him.

Chris: Just another batch of homogeneous, bare-chested bachelors that is not short on awkward introductions. Stevie enters with a boom box, bad dance moves and a play-doh face. He then bitches the rest of the episode about the helicopter guy. Congratulations on confirming every awful stereotype about New Jersey.

First impression rose goes to single dad Doug

Sarah: Doug presents Emily with a handwritten letter from his 11-year-old son, outlining the reasons to choose his father. So of course he gets the rose. Though, this was a better choice than the old dude with six kids.

Chris: Just another person exploiting their children on television. Also, single dads are some of the saddest people on earth.

Good decisions so far

Sarah: I’m glad she cut the 41-year-old guy with six kids. What a waste of a contestant — there was room for one more tool bag. Good decision on dumping Jackson, the fitness model. When he first met her, he got down on one knee and said, “Life is not measured by the number of breaths we take, but by the number of moments that take our breath away. This is one of those moments.” Oh, get a life.

Chris: I can’t believe she cut Lerone; she’s obviously a racist.

The remaining men

Arie, 30 “Speed Racer” — Emily seemed smitten before she knew he was a race car driver. Now that she knows, we’re not sure if she’s more or less interested.

Charlie, 32 “Meat Face” — yes, he had a traumatic brain injury. But we’re sure he was still a meat face before that.

Chris, 25 “Bobble Head” — his mouth is so tiny, like a baby bird.

Doug, 33 “Single Dad Doug” — that’s all he has going for him right now.

Jef, 27 “Jerry Lee Lewis” — really, Jef with one f? Come on.

Joe, 27 “Balding Dawson” — he looks like James Van Der Beek, fast forward 20 years. Too bad he’s only 27.

Kalon, 27 “Helicopter Guy” — he’s going to make it far.

Nate, 25 “Axe Body Spray” — he shook Emily’s hand and introduced himself like a normal person. She noticed that he smelled nice. That’s all it takes, guys.

Ryan, 31 “Fluff Head” — his hair, really?

Stevie, 26 “Jersey Shore” — If you were to describe what a date rapist looks like, it would be this guy.

Tony, 30 “Woody” — How exactly does a wood buyer make money?

Travis, 30 — “Ostrich Egg”

She picked these guys too, but we don’t know anything about them: Aaron, 36 Alejandro, 24 Alessandro, 30 John, 30 Kyle, 29 Michael, 26 Sean, 28
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Bachelorette is an American English term for an unmarried woman. The term is derived from the word bachelor, and is often used by journalists, editors of popular magazines, and some individuals. “Bachelorette” was famously the term used to refer to female contestants on the old Dating Game TV show.

In older English, the female counterpart term to “bachelor” was “spinster”. However, this has acquired negative connotations and mostly been abandoned. When used now, it tends to imply that the woman has never been married and is too old to find a marriage and have children. A bachelorette may have previously been in a relationship.

In Canada, the term bachelorette also refers to a small bachelor apartment. The term bachelor apartment, used in Canada and South Africa, refers to an apartment with only one large room serving as a bedroom and living room plus a separate bathroom (see studio apartment).
[edit] Derivation

The more proper neologism would be bacheloress, since the -ess suffix is the standard English suffix denoting a female subject, while -ette is a French-origin diminutive suffix, indicating that the subject is smaller and is of feminine gender. However, in American English the -ess suffix is only marginally morphologically productive, and the -ette suffix can indicate a feminine version of a noun without a change in size (though many such words in -ette were intended to be jocular when they were first coined). The -ess suffix is also slowly falling into disuse in the English language due to attempts to neutralize professional terms; it is therefore less commonly applied to new terms nowadays.
[edit] Reasons for use

The traditional English term for a woman who has never married is a spinster, while a woman who is divorced is a divorcée, and a woman whose spouse has died is a widow. All three of these terms have carried negative cultural connotations at one time or another. Spinster often implied that the woman was older than the age when most women traditionally marry and that she would probably never marry; more extremely this was defined as an ‘old maid’. Failing to marry was often looked down upon in many cultures. The term widow may be associated with an older woman (although a married woman can be widowed at any time). Divorcée and widow are also indicative that the woman no longer has her virginity. In some cultures, men would/will not marry a woman who was not a virgin.

The more popularly used term for the legal status of a young person (male or female) who has never been married is “single” or “never married”.

enkins was born in Neath, Wales,[5] where she and her sister Laura were raised by their parents Selwyn John and Susan. She has half-sisters from her father’s first marriage, neither of whom she has met.[citation needed]

She attended Alderman Davies Church in Wales Primary School in Neath and later Dwr-y-Felin Comprehensive School, received A grades in GCSEs and A Levels and participated in productions such as Calamity Jane and Guys and Dolls.[6] She attended singing lessons with John Hugh Thomas and passed her Grade 8 examinations with distinction in both singing and piano.

Between 1990 and 1996, Jenkins was a member of the Royal School of Church Music Cathedral Singers and passed the St Cecilia Award, the highest RSCM award for female choristers.[6] She was also a member of the National Youth Choir of Wales for three years,[7] won the BBC Radio 2 Welsh Choirgirl of the Year contest (twice), and the BET Welsh Choirgirl of the Year competition. She was also awarded the Pelenna Valley Male Voice Choir Scholarship for the most promising young singer. At the age of 17 she won a scholarship to study at the Royal Academy of Music,[6] where she studied Italian, German, French and Russian, graduating with honours[7] and receiving a music teacher’s diploma.

After working as a freelance singing teacher, a tour guide on the London Eye and as a model,[8] she entered a modelling competition and became the Face of Wales 2000. She then decided to follow a musical career.[6] Universal Classics and Jazz heard her demo and she was invited to an interview at which she sang Rossini’s “Una voce poco fa”.[8] Universal offered Jenkins a six-album deal,[8] the most lucrative in the United Kingdom’s classical recording history, reportedly worth £1 million.[6][9][10]
[edit] Record success

Six out of seven of Jenkins’s studio albums reached number one in the UK classical charts between 2004 and 2008, selling a total of more than 4 million copies. After her first album, Premiere, made her the fastest-selling mezzo-soprano to date[6] she became the first British classical crossover artist to have two number one albums in the same year.[11] She is the first female artist to win two consecutive Classical BRIT Awards: her second album, Second Nature, reached number 16 in the UK Albums Chart,[9] and was Album of the Year in the 2005 BRIT Awards.

Jenkins’s Italian-language version of Dolly Parton’s “I Will Always Love You” (”L’Amore Sei Tu”), first performed live at Nostell Priory, West Yorkshire on 28 August 2005, was the first cut on her third album Living a Dream. After that album was released, uniquely, she held the top three positions in the classical crossover music chart.[6][12] The album held the number one position for nearly a year and reached number four in the pop album charts.[12] Jenkins repeated the success of Second Nature with her Living a Dream album when she won the classical BRIT award for Album of the Year for a second time.[13][14]

Her fourth album, Serenade was released on 6 November 2006 and reached number five in the mainstream charts selling more than 50,000 copies in its first week, a record in the genre.[6] The top four albums on HMV’s classical charts were hers.[15]

Her fifth album, Rejoice, was released on 19 November 2007 and included songs written specially for her,[16] two by Take That’s Gary Barlow.[17] The album entered the pop album charts at number three,[18] beating the Spice Girls and Girls Aloud.[19] Jenkins commented “I never imagined when I was a young girl listening to them on the radio that I would outsell the Spice Girls and Celine Dion. It’s almost too much to take in. I can’t thank my fans enough for all their support.”[19]

On 20 October 2008 Jenkins released Sacred Arias, which is her last album with Universal Music. On 19 October The Daily Telegraph stated that Jenkins had signed the biggest classical recording deal in history, for US$10 million (£5.8 million), with Warner Music.[20]

Jenkins released her next album, Believe, on 26 October 2009, the first with Warner Music. This album featured Andrea Bocelli and other musicians like André Rieu and Chris Botti. She made various TV appearances such as GMTV, Something for the Weekend and Piers Morgan’s Life Stories on 24 October 2009 and on The Graham Norton Show on 2 November 2009. She performed the theme from The Godfather, Parla Piu Piano at Gary Barlow’s Children In Need Rock The Albert Hall with cellist Julian Lloyd Webber. Later in December 2009, she performed a cover of Evanescence’s “Bring Me to Life” at The Royal Variety Performance. On 23 May 2010, she went to Argentina for the first time and sang Parla Piu Piano in the popular Argentinian show Susana Giménez.[21]

In 2011, Jenkins released another album, Daydream.
[edit] Concerts

Jenkins first came to public attention when she sang at Westminster Cathedral honouring Pope John Paul II’s silver jubilee in October 2003 and then supporting Aled Jones on tour.[7][9] At the Rugby World Cup in 2003 she made her Sydney Opera House debut[8] and, in August 2004, her first USA appearance, supporting Hayley Westenra at Joe’s Pub in New York City.[7]

Jenkins was the first person to perform the Home Nations anthem “The Power of Four” and began to appear regularly to sing the Welsh national anthem “Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau” at Welsh international rugby union matches, singing with Bryn Terfel at the 2005 Wales vs. England Six Nations match at the Millennium Stadium.[8] She is now the official mascot for the Wales rugby union team.[10]

On 22 January 2005 Jenkins sang in Cardiff at the Tsunami Relief Concert[10] and in April and May of that year supported Irish tenor Ronan Tynan on his first US tour as a solo artist. That May she sang at Trafalgar Square to a 15,000-strong audience celebrating the 60th Anniversary of VE Day.[22][23] At the Berlin stage of Live 8 in 2005, Jenkins sang the hymn “Amazing Grace”,[24] and she later helped to launch The Royal British Legion’s poppy appeal at Covent Garden whilst wearing a dress made of 2,500 poppies.[25]

With the Blue Man Group, Jenkins sang “I Feel Love” in front of the Queen at the Royal Variety Performance on 21 November 2005.[26] She performed at the Nobel Peace Prize Concert in Oslo, Norway, on 11 December 2005.[27]

In November 2006 she performed before the Queen at the Royal British Legion Festival of Remembrance at the Royal Albert Hall and joined fellow Welsh singer James Fox in the final verse of “Anthem” from the musical Chess.[28]

In July 2007 Jenkins gave a concert at Margam Park in south Wales, performing alongside Paul Potts and Juan Diego Flórez.[29] Jenkins extended a personal invitation to Potts to sing “Nessun dorma” at the concert.[30]

In September 2007 Jenkins catwalk modeled at Naomi Campbell’s Fashion Relief event for charity in a Julien Macdonald dress which was then bought by Sir Philip Green for £10,000.[31]

In November 2007 she sang again at the Royal British Legion Festival of Remembrance at the Royal Albert Hall and was named classical performer of the year at the Variety Club Showbiz Awards.[32]

With Darcey Bussell she has appeared in a stage song-and-dance production, entitled Viva la Diva, paying tribute to stars[33] including Madonna and Judy Garland.[16] The show opened in Manchester in November 2007.[33][34] Jenkins learned to tap dance, spending eight hours a week learning the choreography and running three miles a day to get fit.[16] She performed the Welsh National Anthem on 17 May 2008 at the 2008 FA Cup Final between Cardiff City and Portsmouth, becoming the first person to do this at an FA Cup Final.[35]
Jenkins sings the Welsh national anthem at Sophia Gardens before the start of the 2009 Ashes.

At the beginning of 2009, Jenkins performed in South Korea with Plácido Domingo. This was Jenkins’s third concert with Domingo having performed with him in Hong Kong in 2008 and Athens in 2007. They then performed together in May 2009 at The Classical Brit Awards.

On 8 July 2009 Jenkins performed at the opening ceremony of the Ashes Test Series between England and Australia at Sophia Gardens cricket ground in Cardiff. On Saturday 12 September 2009 she performed in Hyde Park for the Last Night of the Proms. On Monday 21 September she performed at the memorial service for Sir Bobby Robson, singing “Pie Jesu” at the request of Lady Robson.

On 12 November 2009, Jenkins performed a duet with cellist Julian Lloyd Webber for Children in Need at the Royal Albert Hall. The same month, Jenkins performed “I Believe” (from Believe) with Andrea Bocelli on his PBS Christmas Special. The duet appears in his album, My Christmas. Jenkins was scheduled to do her first Arena tour in March 2010.

On 24 May 2010, as part of the Argentina Bicentennial‎ she performed the Canadian Anthem at the Argentina VS. Canada World Cup warm-up football match in the River Plate Stadium at Buenos Aires.[36] On 11 June 2010, Jenkins performed a live comedy routine with Armenian comedy pianist Kev Orkian for a private birthday party at which Motown legend Lionel Richie performed, along with the LSO (London Symphony Orchestra) and comedians Bobby Davro and Jethro.[37] The comedy sketch was an updated version of an old Victor Borge routine which Orkian had written and developed with Jenkins. In her official blog, Jenkins mentions that she may one day perform the routine in public. On 3 July 2010, Jenkins took the stage at Cheltenham Racecourse, with the National Symphony Orchestra. She was supported by violinist Diana Yukawa.[38]
[edit] Television

On 23 December 2006, Jenkins appeared on ITV’s Parkinson show, backed by the Froncysyllte Male Voice Choir and a brass band.[39]

She made a cameo appearance in two episodes of Emmerdale which saw 11.6 million viewers tune in to find out who killed popular character Tom King who was murdered on Christmas Day. She appeared in the show on 16 and 17 May 2007 which saw her opening the village pageant.[40]

In July 2007, she performed live on Saving Planet Earth on BBC 1 to raise money for the BBC Wildlife Fund.[41]

On 12 August 2007 she appeared on ITV’s Britain’s Favourite View, nominating Three Cliffs Bay on the Gower Peninsula as Britain’s favourite view.[42] She commented; “I grew up on the edge of the Gower, but it was still a holiday place for our family. We’d go on weekend breaks to Three Cliffs Bay – six miles down the road! That’s how gorgeous it is.”[43]
Jenkins live at Clumber Park in 2011.

On 21 October 2007 she sang “Time to Say Goodbye” with Andrea Bocelli on the Strictly Come Dancing results show. Jenkins and Darcey Bussell performed a segment of their show Viva la Diva before the Queen at the 79th Royal Variety Performance, televised on 9 December 2007.[44] On 15 December, Jenkins performed on The X Factor final with contestant Rhydian Roberts, performing the song “You Raise Me Up”.[45] Jenkins made an appearance on Saturday Kitchen LIVE in December 2008.

Jenkins appeared in episode 3 of the fifth series of The Apprentice, performing Leonard Cohen’s “Hallelujah” as part of a private recital to winning team Ignite. The programme was aired on BBC One on 8 March 2009. 2009 saw Jenkins performing on a large number of TV shows – The Royal Variety Performance, Children In Need Rocks The Albert Hall, The Alan Titchmarsh Show, This Morning, GMTV, Something for the Weekend, The Paul O’Grady Show, presenting for the BBC the week long series The Week We Went To War, Piers Morgan’s Life Stories for ITV1, Strictly Come Dancing, The Graham Norton Show and The Andrew Marr Show.

Jenkins started 2010 by appearing as one of two mentors on ITV1s prime time Friday night show, Popstar to Operastar. She appeared in the 2010 Christmas Special of Doctor Who, “A Christmas Carol”, in which she played Abigail Pettigrew – her first major acting role. Jenkins appeared as the featured singer on the 11 April 2011 episode of ABC’s show Dancing with the Stars (DWTS) singing “Con te partirò” (Time to Say Goodbye) and “O mio babbino caro”. She later sang “The Flower Duet” with DWTS regular Beverley Staunton.

On 23 October 2011, Jenkins appeared live on US television network, FOX from Wembley Stadium, performing “God Save the Queen” before the NFL game between the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and the Chicago Bears.[46]

Jenkins is appearing in season 14 of the U.S. TV series Dancing with the Stars, paired with a two-time champion of the show, Mark Ballas.[4]
[edit] Personal life

Her father, Selwyn, died of lung cancer at age 70 when she was 15.[6][47] She has dedicated each award she received to him.[citation needed] While Jenkins was studying at the Royal Academy of Music, at 19 years of age, she was attacked, beaten and robbed by an unknown assailant who attempted to rape her, but she fought the man off.[48][49]

After Jenkins and Dame Vera Lynn were together at centre stage at the 60th Anniversary of VE Day in 2005 during the song “We’ll Meet Again”, the newspapers dubbed Jenkins “the new Forces’ Sweetheart”, a nickname given to Lynn during World War II.[23] Lynn had said to Jenkins that she should “go out and entertain the troops,” which Jenkins promised she would.[23] In December 2005 and 2006 Jenkins travelled to Iraq to entertain the soldiers for Christmas.[11][50] On her first visit to Iraq in 2005, when travelling to Shaibah, the largest British base in Southern Iraq, the helicopter she was travelling in was targeted by missiles. Anti-missile flares were deployed and the group landed safely.[23]

In November 2008 Jenkins revealed to the Daily Mail that when she was a student she had taken class A drugs (cocaine and ecstasy) and cannabis. She noted that she was introduced to them by people she socialized with at the time and that she stopped taking them after signing her record deal in 2003.[51] In the article Jenkins said “taking drugs is the biggest regret of my life”.

Jenkins’s autobiography, Time to Say Hello, was released on 28 January 2008, and was also serialized in The Mail on Sunday.[49]

At the start of 2007 Jenkins made her first appearance in the British young people’s Sunday Times Rich List which ranked her as the sixty-second richest young person in Britain with an estimated wealth of £9 million.[52] In 2010, the Sunday Times Rich List placed her at joint 11th in the Top 20 Young Millionaires list alongside Leona Lewis and Charlotte Church with an estimated wealth of £11 million.

In July 2010, Jenkins was reported to have bought a house with TV presenter Gethin Jones.[53] In February 2011, they became engaged, but on 30 December 2011, Jenkins and Jones announced that they were no longer together.[54]
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Katherine Jenkins ended up in a world of hurt—both physically and mentally—last night on Dancing With the Stars after tweaking her back during the salsa.

She needed both a doctor’s attention and Mark Ballas’ reassurances that she wasn’t a terrible partner for making a misstep that, as Bruno Tonioli pointed out, “happens to everybody” at one time or another.

The good news tonight was that Katherine was feeling better, physically at least, and could carry on in the competition. But did the voters keep her afloat after her first-ever last-place finish?
After an emotional night in the ballroom, Katherine Jenkins, who injured her back during a salsa routine, is getting support from her Dancing with the Stars partner Mark Ballas as well as her competitors.

“She just put her back out,” Ballas told PEOPLE after the show. “She can walk so I know there’s no bone damage.”

In fact, Jenkins, who still managed to score 27 points for the routine, Tweeted later about the injury: “I’m with the Doctor, he says it was a reflectorical spasm in my lower back,” she wrote.

On Tuesday she updated her followers with good news: “Thanks for your tweets of support & concern,” she wrote. “The good news is that I’m feeling better, just a little sore #OnwardsAndUpwards.”

But the disappointment of an imperfect routine may have been just as painful.

“That dance in rehearsal was flawless,” Ballas said. “We haven’t had a bumpy run of that one. Out of all the ones we’ve done this season that’s the one I’ve been saying, ‘You’ll get a perfect score for that.’ ”

Fellow top four contestant Donald Driver expressed his sympathy for his competitors. “You hate when things like that happen,” he said of the mishap. “You see it in [Katherine's] face. You see it in the emotion that she had that she wanted to make sure she nailed that routine. … It’s sad that that happened to them.”

But Derek Hough and Maria Menounos vowed to take care of Jenkins – even if she is a threat in terms of the competition.

“We’re going to be taking good care of her,” Menounos said. “Don’t worry.”
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Oh my. Lets all take a moment to thank the movie gods for what we’re about to see. The trailer for “Magic Mike” just premiered and in it, we see Channing Tatum stripping. The “21 Jump Street” star, who has proven he’s got comedy chops can now add stripper to the “skills” list on his resume.

Steven Soderbergh’s male stripper film is going to make people drool. Maybe even enough to forget that the trailer makes it look like a rom com. The film stars Tatum and Alex Pettyfer and gives us a look at a stripper who wants more from life. He wants to make custom furniture. Of course he does.

The trailer actually made us laugh. Channing Tatum saying we wouldn’t want to know what he has to do to get a $20 tip is worth a second viewing. Um, Tatum, we really really would! “Magic Mike” premieres on June 29. Are you excited to see this? Horrified by Matthew McConaughey in leather chaps and a leather vest? Weigh in below.

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Following yesterday’s sneak peek, today we have the first full trailer for Magic Mike, which hits theaters nationwide June 29. Channing Tatum stars in this dramatic comedy, which is loosely inspired by his own days as a male stripper, alongside Alex Pettyfer, Matthew Bomer, and Matthew McConaughey. Check it out.

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Magic Mike – Trailer

A dramatic comedy set in the world of male strippers, Magic Mike is directed by Academy Award-winning director Steven Soderbergh (Traffic) and stars Channing Tatum in a story inspired by his real life. The film follows Mike (Tatum) as he takes a young dancer called The Kid (Alex Pettyfer) under his wing and schools him in the fine arts of partying, picking up women, and making easy money.

Magic Mike comes to theaters June 29th, 2012 and stars Channing Tatum, Matthew Bomer, Alex Pettyfer, Matthew McConaughey, Adam Rodriguez, Joe Manganiello, Wendi McLendon-Covey, Olivia Munn. The film is directed by Steven Soderbergh.

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his article is about the American holiday. For other uses, see Memorial Day (disambiguation).
Memorial Day
Memorial Day
The gravestones at Arlington National Cemetery are graced by U.S. flags on Memorial Day weekend.
Type National
Date Last Monday in May
2011 date May 30
2012 date May 28
2013 date May 27
Observances Remembrance of American war dead

Memorial Day is a federal holiday observed annually in the United States on the last Monday of May.[1] Formerly known as Decoration Day, it originated after the American Civil War to commemorate the fallen Union soldiers of the Civil War. (Southern ladies organizations and southern schoolchildren had decorated Confederate graves in Richmond and other cities during the Civil War, but each region had its own date. Most dates were in May.) By the 20th century Memorial Day had been extended to honor all Americans who have died in all wars. Memorial Day is a day of remembering the men and women who died while serving in the United States Armed Forces.[2] As a marker it typically marks the start of the summer vacation season, while Labor Day marks its end.

By the early 20th century, Memorial Day was an occasion for more general expressions of memory, as people visited the graves of their deceased relatives in church cemeteries, whether they had served in the military or not. It also became a long weekend increasingly devoted to shopping, family gatherings, fireworks, trips to the beach, and national media events such as the Indianapolis 500 auto race, held since 1911 on the Sunday of Memorial Day weekend.[3]

Annual Decoration Days for particular cemeteries are held on a Sunday in late spring or early summer in some rural areas of the American South, notably in the mountains. In cases involving a family graveyard where remote ancestors as well as those who were deceased more recently are buried, this may take on the character of an extended family reunion to which some people travel hundreds of miles. People gather on the designated day and put flowers on graves and renew contacts with kinfolk and others. There often is a religious service and a “dinner on the ground,” the traditional term for a pot-luck meal in which people used to spread the dishes out on sheets or tablecloths on the grass. It is believed that this practice began before the American Civil War and thus may reflect the real origin of the “memorial day” idea. See Jabbour and Jabbour (listed below).
Contents
[hide]

* 1 History
o 1.1 In the North
o 1.2 In the South
o 1.3 At Gettysburg
* 2 Name and date
* 3 Traditional observance
* 4 Start of summer
* 5 Interpretations
* 6 In literature and music
* 7 See also
* 8 References
* 9 Further reading
* 10 External links

[edit] History
Flags flying at gravesites at Fort Logan National Cemetery during Memorial Day, 2006, Denver, Colorado
Troops at the Washington, D.C. Memorial Day parade, 1942
A boy holding an American flag during the 2009 National Memorial Day Concert on the West Lawn of the United States Capitol

The sheer number of dead soldiers, both Union and Confederate, meant that burial and memorialization would become important following the war. People in towns, particularly women, had buried the dead and decorated graves during the war. In 1865, the federal government began a program of creating national cemeteries for the Union dead.

Following President Abraham Lincoln’s assassination in April 1865, there were a variety of events of commemoration. The first known observance of a Memorial Day-type observance was in Charleston, South Carolina on May 1, 1865. During the war, Union soldiers who were prisoners of war had been held at the Charleston Race Course; at least 257 Union prisoners died there and were hastily buried in unmarked graves.[4]

Freedmen (freed slaves) knew of the Union dead and decided to honor them. Together with teachers and missionaries, blacks in Charleston organized a May Day ceremony covered by the New York Tribune and other national papers. It came to be called the “First Decoration Day” in the North. Beforehand the freedmen had cleaned up and landscaped the burial ground, building an enclosure and an arch labeled, “Martyrs of the Race Course.” Nearly ten thousand people, mostly freedmen, gathered on May 1 to commemorate the dead. Involved were 3,000 schoolchildren newly enrolled in freedmen’s schools, mutual aid societies, Union troops, and black ministers and white northern missionaries. Most brought flowers to lay on the burial field. Today the site is used as Hampton Park.[5]

The historian David W. Blight described the day:

“This was the first Memorial Day. African Americans invented Memorial Day in Charleston, South Carolina. What you have there is black Americans recently freed from slavery announcing to the world with their flowers, their feet, and their songs what the War had been about. What they basically were creating was the Independence Day of a Second American Revolution.”[6]

[edit] In the North

The friendship between General John Murray, a distinguished citizen of Waterloo, New York, and General John A. Logan, who helped bring attention to the event nationwide, was likely a factor in the holiday’s growth. On May 5, 1868, in his capacity as commander-in-chief of the Grand Army of the Republic – the organization for Northern Civil War veterans – Logan issued a proclamation that “Decoration Day” should be observed nationwide.[7] It was observed for the first time on May 30 of the same year; the date was chosen because it was not the anniversary of a battle.

Events were held in 183 cemeteries in 27 states in 1868, and 336 in 1869. The northern states quickly adopted the holiday; Michigan made “Decoration Day” an official state holiday in 1871 and by 1890, every northern state followed suit. The ceremonies were sponsored by the Women’s Relief Corps, which had 100,000 members. By 1870, the remains of nearly 300,000 Union dead had been reinterred in 73 national cemeteries, located near the battlefields and therefore mostly in the South. The most famous are Gettysburg National Cemetery in Pennsylvania and Arlington National Cemetery, near Washington.

The Memorial Day speech became an occasion for veterans, politicians and ministers to commemorate the War – and at first to rehash the atrocities of the enemy. They mixed religion and celebratory nationalism and provided a means for the people to make sense of their history in terms of sacrifice for a better nation. People of all religious beliefs joined together, and the point was often made that the German and Irish soldiers had become true Americans in the “baptism of blood” on the battlefield. By the end of the 1870s much of the rancor was gone, and the speeches praised the brave soldiers both Blue and Gray. By the 1950s, the theme was American exceptionalism and duty to uphold freedom in the world.

Ironton, Ohio, lays claim to the nation’s oldest continuously running Memorial Day parade. Its first parade was held May 5, 1868, and the town has held it every year since. According to CBS News, the Memorial Day parade in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, predates Ironton’s by one year. [8]
[edit] In the South

Beginning in 1866, the Southern states had established Memorial Days, with dates ranging from April 26 to mid-June. By 1916, the June 3 birthday of Confederate President Jefferson Davis was observed as a state holiday in 10 southern states. Across the South, associations were founded after the War, many by women, to establish and care for permanent cemeteries for Confederate soldiers, organize commemorative ceremonies and sponsor impressive monuments as a permanent way of remembering the Confederate cause and tradition. The most important was the United Daughters of the Confederacy, which grew from 17,000 members in 1900 to nearly 100,000 women by World War I. They were “strikingly successful at raising money to build Confederate monuments, lobbying legislatures and Congress for the reburial of Confederate dead, and working to shape the content of history textbooks.”[9]

In addition to raising money for cemeteries and memorials, the UDC encouraged women to publish their writing about the war, beginning with biographies of major southern figures, such as Varina Davis’ of her husband Jefferson Davis. Later, women began adding more of their own experiences to the “public discourse about the war”, in the form of memoirs, such as those published in the early 1900s by Sara Agnes Rice Pryor and others. The UDC established approved reading lists for histories of the war and recommended structures for the memoirs. By the turn of the twentieth century, a dozen memoirs by southern women were published.[10]

Women in Columbus, Mississippi in 1866 laid flowers at the graves of both the Union and Confederate casualties buried in its cemetery.[11] The earliest Confederate Memorial Day celebrations were simple, somber occasions for veterans and their families to honor the day and attend to local cemeteries. Around 1890, there was a shift from this consolatory emphasis on honoring specific soldiers to public commemoration of the Confederate cause. Changes in the ceremony’s hymns and speeches reflect an evolution of the ritual into a symbol of cultural renewal and conservatism in the South. By 1913, however, the theme of American nationalism shared equal time with the Lost Cause.
[edit] At Gettysburg

The ceremonies and Memorial Day address at Gettysburg National Park became nationally well known, starting in 1868. In July 1913, veterans of the United States and Confederate armies gathered in Gettysburg to commemorate the fifty-year anniversary of one of the Civil War’s bloodiest and most famous battle.

The four-day “Blue-Gray Reunion” featured parades, re-enactments, and speeches from a host of dignitaries, including President Woodrow Wilson, the first Southerner elected to the White House since the War. (Note: He imposed racial segregation in federal agencies and offices.) James Heflin of Alabama was given the honor of the main address. Heflin was a noted orator; two of his best-known speeches were an endorsement of the Lincoln Memorial and his call to make Mother’s Day a holiday. His choice as Memorial Day speaker was criticized, as he was opposed for his racism. His speech was moderate in tone and stressed national unity and goodwill, which gained praise from newspapers.
[edit] Name and date

The preferred name for the holiday gradually changed from “Decoration Day” to “Memorial Day”, which was first used in 1882. It did not become more common until after World War II, and was not declared the official name by Federal law until 1967. On June 28, 1968, the Congress passed the Uniform Holidays Bill, which moved four holidays, including Memorial Day, from their traditional dates to a specified Monday in order to create a convenient three-day weekend. The change moved Memorial Day from its traditional May 30 date to the last Monday in May. The law took effect at the federal level in 1971. The Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) and Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War (SUVCW) advocate returning to the original date, although the significance of the date is tenuous. The VFW stated in a 2002 Memorial Day Address:

Changing the date merely to create three-day weekends has undermined the very meaning of the day. No doubt, this has contributed a lot to the general public’s nonchalant observance of Memorial Day.[12]

Since 1987, Hawaii’s Senator Daniel Inouye, a World War II veteran, has introduced a measure to return Memorial Day to its traditional date.[13]

After some initial confusion and unwillingness to comply, all 50 states adopted Congress’s change of date within a few years. Memorial Day endures as a holiday which most businesses observe because it marks the unofficial beginning of summer.
[edit] Traditional observance

Many people observe Memorial Day by visiting cemeteries and memorials. A national moment of remembrance takes place at 3 pm local time. Another tradition is to fly the flag of the United States at half-staff from dawn until noon local time. Volunteers often place American flags on each grave site at national cemeteries.

For many Americans, the central event is attending one of the thousands of parades held on Memorial Day in large and small cities all over the country. Most of these feature marching bands and an overall military theme with the National Guard and other servicemen participating along with veterans and military vehicles from various wars.

One of the longest-standing traditions is the running of the Indianapolis 500, an auto race which has been held in conjunction with Memorial Day since 1911. It runs on the Sunday preceding the Memorial Day holiday. The Coca-Cola 600 stock car race has been held later the same day since 1961. The Memorial Tournament golf event has been held on or close to the Memorial Day weekend since 1976.

Because Memorial Day is generally associated with the start of the summer season, it is common tradition to inaugurate the outdoor cooking season on Memorial Day with a barbecue.[14]

The National Memorial Day Concert takes place on the west lawn of the United States Capitol. The concert is broadcast on PBS and NPR. Music is performed, and respect is paid to the men and women who gave their lives for their country.
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People from all across Cumberland County and the mid-state will pause this Memorial Day season to reflect upon the sacrifices made by those who have lost their lives in America’s wars.

The commemorations range from traditional parades and memorial services to a mass motorcycle ride heading to a national cemetery. Here is a list of some local and regional events that begin this Wednesday.

Wednesday, May 16

Shippensburg: The Shippensburg Veterans Council will hold a service at the Middle Spring Presbyterian Church, 135 Middle Spring Road, starting at 6:30 p.m. with a performance by the Shippensburg Town Band.

Sunday, May 20

East Pennsboro Township: The annual parade is scheduled to begin at 2 p.m. It will form at Pine Street and South Enola Drive and proceed down Pine Street to the Legion Wall of Honor for a brief memorial service starting at 3 p.m. The guest speaker will be from the Pennsylvania National Guard. There will also be music by the East Pennsboro High School Marching Band along with a traditional 21-gun salute. Those wishing to participate may call the township recreation department at 909-5630. There is no rain date scheduled for the parade. In case of rain, the service will still be held at 3 p.m. in the banquet room of the American Legion. The event is being organized by the township recreation board, American Legion Post 751 and the Sons of the American Legion and Legion Auxiliary.

Newburg: The Newburg Area Veterans Council will hold its annual Memorial Day service at 10:30 a.m. on the Village Green of the town square. A cemetery service will take place at the cemetery on Exchange Street at 1:15 p.m. The annual parade will form at 1:30 p.m. at the Newburg United Methodist Church, 203 N. High St., and then move through town promptly at 2 p.m. In the event of inclement weather, the Newburg Community Memorial Service will be held at the church. The guest speaker is David H. Rhone, a World War II veteran.

West Pennsboro Township: The township Recreation Advisory Council will be hosting its first annual Memorial Day Celebration Event at the Veteran’s Memorial in the township park, 30 Park Road, Plainfield, starting at 3 p.m. The celebration will include an appearance by the Special Forces Association Chapter 64, the Randall Shughart Memorial Chapter. Retired Marine Major Chris Lovell will be the guest speaker. Those wishing to attend the ceremony should bring their own chairs.

Saturday, May 26

Newport: Motorcyclists, veterans, family and friends are invited to participate in a Memorial Ride to the Fort Indiantown Gap National Cemetery. Those interested are being asked to meet behind the gas pumps of the Giant Plaza in Newport at 10 a.m. where the group will leave for the parking area of the Fort Hunter Park in Harrisburg. From there, the group will leave at 11 a.m. to arrive at the cemetery by noon for a short ceremony that will include memorial addresses and the playing of Taps.

Walnut Bottom: The Walnut Bottom Community Memorial Parade will be held Saturday, May 26 at 6 p.m. The parade forms at Route 174/Walnut Bottom Road near Kartunes at the eastern end of Walnut Bottom and disbands at the South Newton Township Volunteer Fire Co. firehouse on Firehouse Road. There will also be a chicken barbecue to benefit Trinity Church Trustees at Trinity Fellowship Church, 110 W. Main St., from 3 p.m. to 4:30 p.m. Anyone interested in the barbecue should make advance reservations with Dave Evelhoch at 422-8907 or 532-7465.

Sunday, May 27

Shippensburg: The Shippensburg Veterans Council will hold a memorial service at 10:30 a.m. at the Ridge Church of the Brethren, 1095 Ridge Road and another service at 2:45 p.m. at the Mongul Church, 4162 Roxbury Road.

Memorial Day

Camp Hill: American Legion Post 43 will hold a parade starting at 9:30 a.m. followed by a service at 10:45 a.m. at the Camp Hill Cemetery behind the fire hall at 2145 Walnut St. In the event of inclement weather, the service will be held at the Camp Hill Borough Building, 2145 Walnut St. The guest speaker will be Brig. Gen. Gerald E. Otterbein.

Carlisle: The Joint Veterans Council of Carlisle will hold the annual parade forming at 8:30 a.m. and starting at 9 a.m. with services to follow at the Veterans’ Memorial Courtyard at 9:45 a.m. on the Square. In the event of inclement weather, the parade will be canceled and ceremonies will be held in the Old Courthouse. The guest speaker will be State Rep. Stephen Bloom, R-199. There will be a special tribute this year honoring the veterans of wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Carlisle: American Legion Post 826 will hold a memorial service at the Lincoln Cemetery at 11:30 a.m. The Cumberland County Honor Guard will provide a firing detail. In the event of inclement weather, the ceremony will be held at the post building, 148 W. Penn St. The guest speaker will be Army War College student Lt. Col. Eric P. Flowers.

Mechanicsburg: The Mechanicsburg Area Veterans Council will hold a parade starting at 10 a.m. followed by a ceremony at the Mechanicsburg Cemetery on Marble Street at 11 a.m. The parade will form at 9;15 a.m. on Keller Street between Filbert Street and Shepherdstown Road and will end at the cemetery. In case of inclement weather, the ceremony will be held inside the American Legion Post 109, 224 W. Main St., in Mechanicsburg. The guest speaker is Lt. Col. Frederick W. Lovelace.

Mechanicsburg: The Vietnam Veterans of Mechanicsburg will hold a memorial service at 2 p.m. at the Lincoln Colored Cemetery off Winding Hill Road. The service will be conducted rain or shine.

Newville: The Joint Veterans Council of Newville will hold a parade starting at 1 p.m. with services to immediately follow at the Veterans Memorial at the Fountain. In the event of inclement weather, the parade will be canceled and the Memorial Day service will be held at the Big Spring Event and Activity Center, 2 Chestnut St. The guest speaker will be retired Lt. Col. Todd Wheeler. The council asks that any veterans who wish to attend the parade contact council chairman Pat Reed at 776-7825. The council is looking for groups, floats and individuals who may wish to participate in the parade. Antique and classic automobiles are welcome.

Shippensburg: The Shippensburg Veterans Council will hold the annual Memorial Day ceremonies and parade starting at 10 a.m. at Locust Grove Cemetery, followed by services at Spring Hill Cemetery at 11 a.m. and a flag raising ceremony at Shippensburg Veterans Memorial Park at noon. At 1:15 p.m., the Navy Marine Memorial services will be conducted at Branch Bridge on King Street. The parade will start at 2 p.m. from the corner of King and Prince streets. In the event of inclement weather, each unit returns to the post involved for refreshments.

Sunday, June 3

West Fairview: American Legion Post 984 will host a parade and service starting at 1 p.m. at the post, 611 Third St., Enola. In the event of inclement weather, the parade will be canceled, but the service will continue to be held at the post.

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n two weeks, hundreds of people will gather at Dulaney Valley Memorial Gardens in Timonium to pay tribute to six military members from Maryland who were killed serving the country in the last year.

The traditional ceremony takes place at 10 a.m. Memorial Day and is free and open to the public. Family members of those killed are invited to attend. Each family is given a plaque.
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Airman 1st Class Matthew Seidler, 24, of Westminster, will be among those honored. Seidler was killed by a roadside bomb alongside two other Air Force members in Southern Afghanistan Jan. 5.

Jack Mitchell, the President of Dulaney Valley Memorial Gardens, discussed with the Times what happens at the ceremony, why it is significant and how veterans should be remembered on Memorial Day.

Q: How do you encourage mourning family members of soldiers who were killed to join in this emotional ceremony?

A: Well, what we do is we basically get contact information, usually a mailing address of next of kin, and make them aware that we will be having this ceremony for all soldiers in Maryland that have been killed in the last year. We make it known to them that we will be honoring their loved ones in the ceremony by referencing them in the ceremony and their military experience and making a memorial plaque in their honor.

Q: Do all the families take part?

A: Most of them do come, but [for] some of them it’s a situation where they would have to come a long distance. There are situations where I’ve heard that in their own communities — in, say, a small town — will provide on Memorial Day a very special service for that particular soldier. So they will stay in their own hometown.

Q: What is the feedback from families who have come to the ceremony in past years?

A: They’ve been through an experience that’s been very unique. Not many people can understand the grieving they have experienced, the fear they lived with when they got the phone call from the military that someone had died. They share a very unique bond. … To bring them together and for them to sit together to share, to cry, I really have gotten a feeling from them that is very meaningful.

Q: Do families always sit in the same area?

A: Yes. There’s a particular area where they are all invited. We have their names written on the chairs, so they know what areas are for them. Before the ceremony, they are all there together. You can see them greeting each other, crying together. I believe that is a valuable experience for them and many of them had said so.

Q: Would you encourage those who knew Seidler to attend the ceremony?

A: Certainly, if they want to honor someone from their community, we’d love to have them present to see the honor that is being given who was part of their extended family and community.

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Sister Wives is an American reality television series broadcast on TLC in 2010. The show documents the life of a polygamist family, which includes patriarch Kody Brown, his four wives and their 17 children. The family began the series living in Lehi, Utah, but has since moved to Las Vegas, Nevada. The seven-episode first season ran from September 26 to October 17, 2010 and drew strong ratings according to Nielsen Media Research. Season two of Sister Wives began on September 25, 2011. Season three will return on May 13, 2012.[1]

Brown and his wives have claimed they participated with the show to make the public more aware of polygamist families and to combat societal prejudices. Brown has claimed his polygamist arrangement is legal because he is legally married only to one woman, and the other marriages are spiritual unions. Nevertheless, the series led the Brown family to become investigated for possible prosecution.
Contents

* 1 Concept
* 2 Family
o 2.1 Parents
o 2.2 Children
* 3 Development
* 4 Episodes
o 4.1 Season 1
o 4.2 Season 2
o 4.3 Season 3
* 5 Reception
o 5.1 Critics
o 5.2 Ratings
* 6 Litigation
* 7 References
* 8 External links

[edit] Concept

Sister Wives is an unscripted television series that started with following the lives of advertising salesman Kody Brown (43),[2] his wives Meri (39), Janelle (40), and Christine (37), and their thirteen children among them.[3] In the first season the show also televised Brown’s courting and eventual marriage to a fourth wife, Robyn Sullivan, 31, who herself has three children.[4][5][6] Sullivan is the first new wife to enter the family in 16 years.[7] The only legal marriage is between Kody and his first wife, Meri, while the others’ marriages are considered spiritual unions.[5][8] As of the September 2010 debut, Kody has been married to Meri for 21 years, Janelle for 18 years, and Christine, who is the homemaker, for 17 years.[9] Kody and Meri have a 17-year-old daughter named Mariah. Kody and Janelle have six children: daughters Madison (16) and Savanah (7) and sons Logan (17), Hunter (15), Garrison (13), and Gabriel (10). Kody and Christine have six children: daughters Aspyn (16), Mykelti (15), Gwendlyn (10), Ysabel (8), and Truely (2) and son Paedon (13)[10][11] Robyn had three children from her first marriage, which was monogamous: Dayton (12), Aurora (10) and Breanna (8) Kody and Robyn recently had one baby boy named Solomon welcomed on October 27th at 2:02 am weighing in at 9 pounds 10.5 ounces and 22 inches long.[11] Meri, Christine and Robyn were all raised in polygamist families, but Janelle was not.[7] On April 9, 2011 The Browns are a family belonging to the Apostolic United Brethren Church. [12] For years before the series, the family kept their polygamist lifestyle what they called a “quasi-secret”.[13]
[edit] Family
[edit] Parents
Name Relationship Children
1 Kody Brown married to four wives father to 14 children; step-father to 3
2 Meri Brown first wife of Kody Brown has one daughter
3 Janelle Brown second wife of Kody Brown has six children
4 Christine Brown third wife of Kody Brown has six children
5 Robyn Brown fourth wife of Kody Brown has four children
[edit] Children
Name Age Parents
1 Logan 17 son of Kody and Janelle
2 Mariah 17 daughter of Kody and Meri
3 Aspyn 16 daughter of Kody and Christine
4 Madison 16 daughter of Kody and Janelle
5 Hunter 15 son of Kody and Janelle
6 Mykelti 15 daughter of Kody and Christine
7 Paedon 13 son of Kody and Christine
8 Garrison 13 son of Kody and Janelle
9 Dayton 12 son of Robyn and David Preston Jessop
10 Gabriel 10 son of Kody and Janelle
11 Gwendlyn 10 daughter of Kody and Christine
12 Aurora 10 daughter of Robyn and David Preston Jessop
13 Breanna 8 daughter of Robyn and David Preston Jessop
14 Ysabel 8 daughter of Kody and Christine
15 Savanah 7 daughter of Kody and Janelle
16 Truely 2 (born April 13, 2010) daughter of Kody and Christine
17 Solomon 6 months (Born October 27, 2011) son of Kody and Robyn
[edit] Development

In the autumn of 2009, independent producers Timothy Gibbons and Christopher Poole approached Figure 8 Films, a North Carolina-based company, with the concept of a reality series about the Brown family. Bill Hayes, the president of Figure 8 Films, said the company agreed to the idea after meeting with the Browns and deciding their lives would make a great story. Camera crews shot footage of the family in mid-2010 to be used in the first season,[13] ending in May with the marriage of Kody Brown and Robyn Sullivan.[14] The crews continued to film them afterward in case the series was picked up for a second season. Sister Wives was publicly introduced on August 6, 2010 at the Television Critics Association summer media tour in Beverly Hills, California. The series’s first episode, an hour long, was broadcast on TLC on September 26, 2010, and the first season continued with six half-hour chapters until October 17, 2010.[15].[13]

The broadcast of Sister Wives comes at a time that polygymy and multiple marriages are a prevalent topic in American pop culture. Big Love, the hit HBO series about Utah polygymist Bill Henrickson his three sister wives and their struggle to gain acceptance in society, had already been on the air for several years. In early September 2010, the drama series Lone Star, about a con man on the verge of entering into multiple marriages, premiered on Fox but was quickly canceled after two episodes, and when Sister Wives first debuted, actress Katherine Heigl was in the process of developing a film about Carolyn Jessop, a woman who fled from a polygymist sect.[16]

In October 2010, TLC announced it had commissioned a second season of ten episodes, which began in March 2011.[17] A TLC interview with the Brown family was broadcast on October 31, 2010,[18] and a one-hour program featuring the honeymoon of Kody Brown and Robyn Sullivan aired on November 22, 2010.[19]
[edit] Episodes
Main article: List of Sister Wives episodes
[edit] Season 1

The seven-episode first season ran from September 26 to October 17, 2010. The season premiere introduced viewers to Kody Brown and his three wives Meri, Janelle and Christine, and their twelve children, all of whom live in a ranch-style home with three interconnected apartments.[8][9] It also chronicled Kody’s dating and engagement to Robyn Sullivan, who herself has three children, marking the first time in 16 years Kody had courted another wife.[20] The new relationship creates insecurity and jealousy issues among the other three wives, but they ultimately accept her and welcome her into the family. [21] During the fourth episode of the season, Christine gives birth to her sixth child, Truely, which brings the family to 16 children including Robyn’s three kids.[22]

Later, Kody and Meri go to Mexico to celebrate their twentieth wedding anniversary, where Meri discussed her sadness about her infertility problems and the jealousy that has arisen from Kody’s engagement to Robyn. Kody proposes in vitro fertilisation, but she turns down the idea as she is only interested in a naturally-occurring conception.[21] As Robyn’s wedding approaches, the three sister wives help Robyn prepare and they begin to bond. Kody, however, upsets his wives when he reveals he secretly chose Robyn’s wedding dress himself, which makes Christine feel so betrayed that she angrily walks away in mid-interview. Kody eventually apologizes and the five reconcile.[20] The first season ends with the wedding of Kody and Robyn, where Meri, Janelle and Christine present her with a Claddagh ring to welcome her into the family.[23]
[edit] Season 2

Season 2 ran 23 episodes from March 13, 2011 to November 27, 2011 though many sources refer to the episodes airing from September 25, 2011 to November 27, 2011 as Season 3. This is due to a short hiatus from June 5, 2011 to September 25, 2011.[24] It is unclear if the episodes following the hiatus are officially considered Season 3 or not.

Season 2 begins with the Browns heading to New York to appear on national television for the first time as open polygamists while back home the kids head off to their first day of public school. Throughout the season, the Browns visit various friends and family members and reflect on how their relationships have changed with these people since becoming open polygamists. This friends and family members include Kody’s parents (also polygamists), Kody’s high school friends, and various monogamous couples that Kody and the sister wives know. Part 1 of Season 2 also follows the Browns through Kody and Janelle’s anniversary camping trip, preparing and participating in Halloween, and Christmas which the Browns celebrate in a snowy mountain cabin. During Season 2 we also learn more about Meri’s personal struggle with her risk of cancer and the loss of her sister. In episode 5, Kody, Christine and their children take a trip to Las Vegas which we later learn is the beginning of the Brown’s subsequent move to Las Vegas. The final episodes of Season 2 follow the Brown’s through their struggle to find a home in Las Vegas suitable for polygamists, telling the kids that they are moving and the subsequent move to Las Vegas. In the last episode before the hiatus, Robyn announces that she is expecting her and Kody’s first child.[25]

The second part of Season 2 brings the announcement of the sex of Robyn and Kody’s baby and the Browns struggle to adjust to life in Las Vegas. The episodes following the Season 2 hiatus largely focus on Robyn’s pregnancy and the kids’s adjustment to their new lives. The abrupt move to Las Vegas brings about behavioral problems in some of the older kids which is also discussed largely in the second half of Season 2. During these episodes the Browns also explore possible businesses that the five of them (Kody and the sister wives) can run together. Several episodes following the hiatus discuss specific topics such as jealousy among the Sister Wives, especially regarding courting a new wife, how the parents combat the influence of Las Vegas on their children and how the Browns are preparing the older children for college. In the finale, Robyn gives birth to baby Solomon on October 27, 2011[26] and the possibility of Meri having more children once again resurfaces.

Although the ongoing investigation of the Browns is brought up during season 2, it is not extensively discussed and the progress of the investigation is unknown.
[edit] Season 3

On March 4, 2012, Sister Wife Robyn Sullivan Brown tweeted “The new season of #sisterwives will be airing sometime this spring. Not sure of dates yet. Be watching @tlc for exact details” [27] This was the first confirmation regarding Season 3 of Sister Wives. TLC posted an advertisement photo on their facebook page for the family that they would return on May 13, 2012. [1]
[edit] Reception
[edit] Critics

Considering its sensational subject matter, TLC’s “Sister Wives” has been refreshingly modest. The stars [have] a natural, honest presence in a genre fabled for the camera-hogging antics of Jersey Shore. Rather than merely emphasizing what’s different about the Brown family — most obviously, their “plural marriage” — Sister Wives shows us how normal they seem: loving and good-natured around their children, occasionally prone to envy and feelings of betrayal.
“
”
Schuyler Velasco, Salon.com[28]

Sister Wives drew national media attention after its first season,[29] and garnered generally mixed reviews from critics. Washington Post staff writer Hank Stuever called it “refreshingly frank”, and found most interesting the small details of the family’s everyday life, such as the food supply, division of labor and minor arguments.[8] Los Angeles Times television critic Mary McNamara said she was intrigued by the matriarchal nature of the polygynist family, a unit which is traditionally considered patriarchal. McNamara said the wives form the center of the family, and that “their bonds appear far stronger and more vital than the casual fondness with which they all treat Kody”.[30] Salon.com writer Schuyler Velasco praised Sister Wives for introducing viewers to unfamiliar subject matter, and called it “refreshingly modest” considering its controversial subject matter. Velasco said it has “a natural, honest presence in a genre fabled for the camera-hogging antics of Jersey Shore”.[28] Shelley Fralic of The Vancouver Sun called it fascinating and surprising, and was impressed with the sensible and articulate way in which the family defended their lifestyle.[7] When the Brown family made an October 2010 appearance on The Oprah Winfrey Show, talk show host Oprah Winfrey said she found particularly fascinating the relationship between the sister wives.[31]

Mark A. Perigard of the Boston Herald criticized Kody Brown for opening himself and his family up to potential criminal prosecution by appearing in the series, describing him as “a lawbreaker who is risking himself and the family he claims is so precious just to star in his own TV show”.[9] Elizabeth Tenety of The Washington Post called the series “one part domestic drudgery, another part sensationalism”, and claimed it relied on a “familiar reality TV recipe” shared by other TLC series such as 19 Kids and Counting and Kate Plus 8.[3] Religion Dispatches writer Joanna Brooks shared Tenety’s perspective criticizing the show for presenting polygyny in a manner that “is about as interesting to me as Kate Gosselin’s latest makeover.” In this vein Brooks criticized the show for not engaging the theology of plural marriage, and for letting Kody Brown’s superficial comments about the dissimilarity of Fundamentalist and mainstream Mormonism pass onto the viewers without any critical scrutiny or added nuance.[12] Shari Puterman, television columnist with the Asbury Park Press, felt the sister wives had issues with jealousy and self-worth, and compared Kody to a cult leader. Puterman added, “I can’t speak for everyone, but I believe in the sanctity of marriage. It’s sad to see that TLC’s capitalizing on people who don’t.”[32] Former prosecutor and television personality Nancy Grace criticized the show and said she believed Kody Brown should go to jail, but expressed doubt he would based on Utah’s history of overlooking polygyny.[33] Christine Seifert, an associate professor of communications at Westminster College in Salt Lake City, said the show could give viewers who are unfamiliar with the LDS church the incorrect assumption that polygamy is accepted by the mainstream church.[29] Several commentators have taken notice of the fact that the family’s religious convictions are downplayed in Sister Wives.[12][30][34]
[edit] Ratings

According to Nielsen Media Research, the September 26, 2010, one-hour premiere episode of Sister Wives drew 2.26 million viewers,[35] a strong rating for the network. It marked the biggest series debut for TLC since Cake Boss launched in 2009, and was a stronger rating than any of the season premieres for HBO’s Big Love.[36] The remaining episodes of the first season were each a half-hour long, with two broadcast together each Thursday. In the second week, the first episode drew 1.88 million viewers, while the second drew 2.13 million.[37] The third week drew similar results, with 1.89 million viewers watching the first episode and 2.05 million watching the second.[38] Sister Wives drew its strongest ratings during the fourth and final week of the first season, with 2.67 million viewers for the first episode and 2.74 million for the season finale.[15] As a result of the 2.7 million average viewership for the two episodes, TLC ranked first among all ad-support cable channels in the 18-49 and 25-54 age groups. The series drew double- and triple-digit ratings gains in all key demographics and ranked second in ad-supported cable network shows during its time period.[39]
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Watch Sister Wives Season 3 Episode Online Free Megavideo
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Who will miss the premeire episode of Sister wives. watch full episode sister wives season 3 here. Episode Summary: Season 3 begins with the Browns’ first Christmas in Las Vegas, though the wives are living in separate rental properties. Kody has to find a Christmas tree while hunting for a home where they can all live together.
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ister Wives star Kody Brown, 44, was quite the party planner on Sunday. He shared the holiday with wives Meri, 41, Janelle, 43, Christine, 40, and Robyn, 33. Their combined 17 kids took part in the festivities.

Brown shared all the details with People. “Mother’s Day is a great day at our house,” said Brown, who divides his time between his wives and kids in their four separate houses in Las Vegas. “We want to spend it as a family and make it so my wives don’t have to cook.”

Kody and Robyn became new parents when they welcomed baby Solomon in October.

The family is now complete. Robyn and her three kids, Dayton, 12, Aurora, 10 and Breanna, 8, joined the Brown clan in the popular TLC show, Sister Wives. The show returns Sunday at 9 p.m.

Robyn had a lot to say about her big family. “My kids now have three moms and a father who loves them and is involved with them,” she said. “They are adjusting and learning a lot about sharing and being in a big family. All in all, there have been growing pains, but they have enjoyed it.”

Brown admitted it isn’t always possible to connect with each of his kids every day. He said it is a daily struggle, but his children benefit from an open relationship.

The new season of the show will detail marriage troubles for Kody and Christine, his third wife, according to msnbc.com.

Their relationship trouble began shortly after wife Robyn joined the family, and Christine feels like her marriage to Kody is at a standstill.

Tune in to Sister Wives this Sunday to see if Kody and Christine will overcome their issues.
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With Gov. Romney the clear favorite to win the Republican nomination, the question of a Mormon president in the White House will be a hot topic this election season. One of the most prominent displays of Mormonism is TLC’s popular reality show “Sister Wives,” in which an openly polygamist, Fundamentalist Mormon family shares their life and faith with the world.

While The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has officially rejected polygamy, the Brown family openly continues with the practice.

“Well, we’re abiding by it because we believe the ancients used to,” Kody Brown, the 44 year old father of 17 children and husband to four wives told The Huffington Post in a phone interview. “I mean all the cool guys in the Old Testament had more than one wife. It didn’t make them righteous. They had to be righteous in spite of it.”

When asked how they believe Romney’s practice of Mormonism differs from their own, Meri, the first wife, said “He’s in the Mormon LDS faith, and we are in the Mormon fundamentalist faith. Both of the faiths have same origins but the Mormon church abandoned the practice of polygamy over 100 years ago.”

When asked who the family is voting for in the upcoming election, the response from the Brown family was surprisingly mixed. “We are going to vote based on the best person for the job, not based on faith,” Meri explained. When pressed on what candidate they felt was the best person for the job, Meri revealed that “different members of our family go different ways on that.”

The family celebrated Hanukkah this year instead of the birthday of Joseph Smith, the founder of Mormonism. Kody Brown explains in the video clip above that celebrating Smith’s birthday felt too much like idolatry whereas the spirit of Hanukkah inspires their faith further.

“Jesus honored the festival of light, this isn’t a universal part of our faith, but something we’ve embraced as a family to enhance our Christian experience,” explained Janelle, the second wife. “We absolutely accept the Old Testament and study it as a religious doctrine.”
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Sendak was born in Brooklyn, to Polish Jewish immigrant parents Sadie (née Schindler) and Philip Sendak, a dressmaker.[1][2][3] Sendak described his childhood as a “terrible situation” because of his extended family’s dying in The Holocaust, which exposed him at an early age to death and the concept of mortality.[4] His love of books began at an early age when he developed health problems and was confined to his bed.[5] He decided to become an illustrator after watching Walt Disney’s film Fantasia at the age of twelve. One of his first professional commissions was to create window displays for the toy store F.A.O. Schwarz. His illustrations were first published in 1947 in a textbook titled Atomics for the Millions by Dr. Maxwell Leigh Eidinoff. He spent much of the 1950s illustrating children’s books written by others before beginning to write his own stories.
[edit] Work
The characters illustrated in Where the Wild Things Are caused some controversy for their grotesque appearance

Sendak gained international acclaim after writing and illustrating Where the Wild Things Are. The book’s depictions of fanged monsters concerned some parents when it was first published, as his characters were somewhat grotesque in appearance. Before Where the Wild Things Are, Sendak was best known for illustrating Else Holmelund Minarik’s Little Bear series of books.[6]

When Sendak saw a manuscript of Zlateh the Goat, the first children’s story by Isaac Bashevis Singer, on the desk of an editor at Harper & Row, he offered to illustrate the book. It was first published in 1966 and received a Newberry Award. Sendak was delighted and enthusiastic about the collaboration. He once wryly remarked that his parents were “finally” impressed by their youngest child when he collaborated with Singer.[7]

His book In the Night Kitchen, originally issued in 1970, has often been subjected to censorship for its drawings of a young boy prancing naked through the story. The book has been challenged in several American states including Illinois, New Jersey, Minnesota, and Texas.[8] In the Night Kitchen regularly appears on the American Library Association’s list of “frequently challenged and banned books.” It was listed number 21 on the “100 Most Frequently Challenged Books of 1990–1999.”[9]

His 1981 book Outside Over There is the story of a girl, Ida, and her sibling jealousy and responsibility. Her father is away and so Ida is left to watch her baby sister, much to her dismay. Her sister is kidnapped by goblins and Ida must go off on a magical adventure to rescue her. At first, she’s not really eager to get her sister and nearly passes her sister right by when she becomes absorbed in the magic of the quest. In the end, she rescues her baby sister, destroys the goblins, and returns home committed to caring for her sister until her father returns home.

Sendak was an early member of the National Board of Advisors of the Children’s Television Workshop during the development stages of the Sesame Street television series. He also adapted his book Bumble Ardy into an animated sequence for the series, with Jim Henson as the voice of Bumble Ardy. He wrote and designed three other animated stories for the series: “Seven Monsters” (which never aired), “Up & Down”, and “Broom Adventures”.

Sendak produced an animated television production based on his work titled Really Rosie, featuring the voice of Carole King, which was broadcast in 1975 and is available on video (usually as part of video compilations of his work). An album of the songs was also produced. He contributed the opening segment to Simple Gifts,[10] a Christmas collection of six animated shorts shown on PBS TV in 1977 and later issued on VHS in 1993. He adapted his book Where the Wild Things Are for the stage in 1979. Additionally, he designed sets for many operas and ballets, including the award-winning (1983) Pacific Northwest Ballet production of Tchaikovsky’s The Nutcracker, Houston Grand Opera’s productions of Mozart’s The Magic Flute (1981) and Humperdinck’s Hansel and Gretel (1997), Los Angeles County Music Center’s 1990 production of Mozart’s Idomeneo, and the New York City Opera’s 1981 production of Janáček’s The Cunning Little Vixen.

In the 1990s, Sendak approached playwright Tony Kushner to write a new English version of the Czech composer Hans Krása’s children’s Holocaust opera Brundibár. Kushner wrote the text for Sendak’s illustrated book of the same name, published in 2003. The book was named one of the New York Times Book Review’s 10 Best Illustrated Books of 2003.

In 2003, Chicago Opera Theatre produced Sendak and Kushner’s adaptation of Brundibár. In 2005, Berkeley Repertory Theatre, in collaboration with Yale Repertory Theatre and Broadway’s New Victory Theater, produced a substantially reworked version of the Sendak-Kushner adaptation.

Sendak also created the children’s television program Seven Little Monsters.
[edit] Influences

Maurice Sendak drew inspiration and influences from a vast number of painters, musicians and authors. Going back to his childhood, one of his earliest memorable influences was actually his father, Philip Sendak. According to Maurice, his father would relate tales from the Bible; however, he would embellish them with racy details. Not realizing that this was inappropriate for children, little Maurice would frequently be sent home after retelling his father’s “softcore Bible tales” at school.[11]

Growing up, Sendak developed from other influences, starting with Walt Disney’s Fantasia and Mickey Mouse. Sendak and Mickey Mouse were born in the same year and Sendak described Mickey as a source of joy and pleasure while growing up.[12] He has been quoted as saying, “My gods are Herman Melville, Emily Dickinson, Mozart. I believe in them with all my heart.” Elaborating further, he has explained that reading Emily Dickinson’s works helps him to remain calm in an otherwise hectic world: “And I have a little tiny Emily Dickinson so big that I carry in my pocket everywhere. And you just read three poems of Emily. She is so brave. She is so strong. She is such a passionate little woman. I feel better.” Likewise, of Mozart, he has said, “When Mozart is playing in my room, I am in conjunction with something I can’t explain. [...] I don’t need to. I know that if there’s a purpose for life, it was for me to hear Mozart.”[13]
[edit] Personal life

Sendak mentioned in a September 2008 article in The New York Times that he was gay and had lived with his partner, psychoanalyst Dr. Eugene Glynn, for 50 years before Glynn’s death in May 2007. Revealing that he never told his parents, he said, “All I wanted was to be straight so my parents could be happy. They never, never, never knew.”[14] Sendak’s relationship with Glynn had been mentioned by other writers before (e.g., Tony Kushner in 2003).[15] In Glynn’s 2007 New York Times obituary, Sendak was listed as Glynn’s “partner of fifty years”.[16]

He donated $1 million to the Jewish Board of Family and Children’s Services to commemorate Glynn, who had treated young people there. The gift will name a clinic for Glynn.[17]
[edit] Death

Sendak died in the morning of May 8, 2012, in Danbury, Connecticut, from complications of a stroke.[18][19]

In its obituary, The New York Times called Sendak “the most important children’s book artist of the 20th century.”[18] Author Neil Gaiman remarked, “He was unique, grumpy, brilliant, gay, wise, magical and made the world better by creating art in it.”[20] Author R. L. Stine called Sendak’s death “a sad day in children’s books and for the world.”[20] “We are all honored to have been briefly invited into his world,” remarked comedian Stephen Colbert.[20]

His final book, Bumble-Ardy, was published eight months prior to his death. A posthumous picture book is scheduled for publication in February 2013.[18]
[edit] Collection

Sendak chose the Rosenbach Museum & Library in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to be the repository for his work in the early 1970s, thanks to shared literary and collecting interests. His collection of nearly 10,000 works of art, manuscripts, books and ephemera, has been the subject of many exhibitions at the Rosenbach, seen by visitors of all ages. Sendak once praised Herman Melville’s writings, saying, “There’s a mystery there, a clue, a nut, a bolt, and if I put it together, I find me.” From May 6, 2008, through May 3, 2009, the Rosenbach presented There’s a Mystery There: Sendak on Sendak. This major retrospective of over 130 pieces pulled from the museum’s vast Sendak collection—the biggest collection of Sendakiana in the world—is the largest and most ambitious exhibition of Sendak’s work ever created and is now a traveling exhibition. It features original artwork, rare sketches, never-before-seen working materials, and exclusive interview footage. The exhibition draws on a total of over 300 objects, providing a unique experience with each set of illustrations.

Exhibition highlights include the following:

* Original color artwork from books such as Where the Wild Things Are, In the Night Kitchen, The Nutshell Library, Outside Over There, and Brundibar;
* “Dummy” books filled with lively preliminary sketches for titles like The Sign on Rosie’s Door, Pierre, and Higglety, Pigglety, Pop!;
* Never-before-seen working materials, such as newspaper clippings that inspired Sendak, family portraits, photographs of child models and other ephemera;
* Rare sketches for unpublished editions of stories such as Tolkien’s The Hobbit and Henry James’ The Turn of the Screw, and other illustrating projects;
* Unique materials from the Rosenbach collection that relate to Sendak’s work, including an 1853 edition of the tales of the Brothers Grimm, sketches by William Blake, and Herman Melville’s bookcase;
* Stories told by the illustrator himself on topics like Alice in Wonderland, his struggle to illustrate his favorite novels, hilarious stories of Brooklyn, and the way his work helps him exorcise childhood traumas.

Welcome to THIS IS AMERICA in VOA Special English. I’m Faith Lapidus.

SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: And I’m Shirley Griffith. This week on our program, we remember the life and work of Maurice Sendak. He was the award- winning writer and illustrator of more than one hundred children’s books.

(MUSIC)

FAITH LAPIDUS: Maurice Sendak died last Tuesday at a hospital in Danbury, Connecticut, four days after suffering a stroke. He was eighty-three years old.

For over sixty years, his artistic skill brought to life richly imaginative worlds filled with children, animals and magical creatures. Two of his works — “Where the Wild Things Are” and “In the Night Kitchen” — helped redefine modern children’s literature.

SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: Maurice Sendak was born in nineteen twenty-eight in the Brooklyn part of New York City. His parents were Jewish immigrants from Poland. They met in New York.

As a child, Maurice was often sick. As a result, he stayed home and read books and drew pictures to entertain himself.

As an author and illustrator, Maurice Sendak became known for stories that were often dark and intense. For example, “Outside Over There” is about a baby kidnapped by goblins while her older sister is not paying attention. The sister must leave the safety of home to rescue the baby from a strange and dream-like world.

Maurice Sendak said he got the idea for “Outside Over There” from a real-life kidnapping that ended in tragedy. In nineteen thirty-two, the baby son of the famous pilot Charles Lindbergh was kidnapped from home and murdered.

Maurice Sendak was only a small child at the time. But he never forgot his fear as he listened to the radio broadcasts about the Lindbergh baby kidnapping.

The man found guilty of that crime was executed but always declared his innocence.

FAITH LAPIDUS: Maurice Sendak grew up with continuous reminders about death. When he was sick, his grandmother dressed him in white clothes that she thought would help him avoid dying.

During World War Two many of his family members in Europe were murdered in the Nazi German death camps. He remembers his mother screaming and crying each time she learned that another family member had been killed. Sometimes his parents would talk about the dead relatives, especially the children.

SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: These influences help explain an important part of Maurice Sendak’s books. They often show children dealing with and overcoming evil forces and other complex situations. Many of his stories are about a child trying to survive while facing fears or other difficult emotions.

In his books, he skillfully combined an adult’s point of view with a child’s point of view, and the dark and light in all of us.

(MUSIC)

FAITH LAPIDUS: One of the first books that Maurice Sendak worked on as an artist was “A Hole is to Dig: A First Book of First Definitions.” To write the book, Ruth Krauss asked young children how they would define words like “face,” “dog” and “party.” The book, published in nineteen fifty-two, brought wide attention to Maurice Sendak’s artwork. A few years later, he drew pictures for the first “Little Bear” books, written by Else Minarik.

SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: In nineteen sixty-two he published the “Nutshell Library.” These were four little books in a box measuring about seven by ten centimeters. The books are “Alligators All Around,” “One Was Johnny,” “Chicken Soup with Rice” and “Pierre.”

“Pierre” is a funny story about a little boy who behaves badly. Every time his parents ask him a question, he gives them the same answer: “I don’t care.”

READER:

One day his mother said
When Pierre climbed out of bed
Good morning, darling boy, you are my only joy.
Pierre said- I don’t care!
What would you like to eat?
I don’t care!
Some lovely cream of wheat?
I don’t care!
Don’t sit backwards in your chair
I don’t care!

SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: Then something happens to Pierre. He gets eaten by a hungry lion. But the story has a happy ending. Pierre changes his behavior when he gets reunited with his parents.

FAITH LAPIDUS: Maurice Sendak’s drawings are very expressive. His landscapes are beautifully detailed and his monsters are more loveable than they are frightening.

In a YouTube video posted by the Rosenbach Museum, Maurice Sendak talks about what it means to be an illustrator.
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widely considered the most important children’s book artist of the 20th century, who wrenched the picture book out of the safe, sanitized world of the nursery and plunged it into the dark, terrifying and hauntingly beautiful recesses of the human psyche, died on Tuesday in Danbury, Conn. He was 83.
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Readers’ Comments

“If, as a parent, you could really listen to his stories, you would learn more about your children than a hundred ‘parenting’ books could teach you.”

JBT, Santa Monica

* Read Full Comment »

The cause was complications of a recent stroke, said Michael di Capua, his longtime editor. Mr. Sendak, who died at Danbury Hospital, lived nearby in Ridgefield, Conn.

Roundly praised, intermittently censored and occasionally eaten, Mr. Sendak’s books were essential ingredients of childhood for the generation born after 1960 or thereabouts, and in turn for their children. He was known in particular for more than a dozen picture books he wrote and illustrated himself, most famously “Where the Wild Things Are,” which was simultaneously genre-breaking and career-making when it was published by Harper & Row in 1963.

Among the other titles he wrote and illustrated, all from Harper & Row, are “In the Night Kitchen” (1970) and “Outside Over There” (1981), which together with “Where the Wild Things Are” form a trilogy; “The Sign on Rosie’s Door” (1960); “Higglety Pigglety Pop!” (1967); and “The Nutshell Library” (1962), a boxed set of four tiny volumes comprising “Alligators All Around,” “Chicken Soup With Rice,” “One Was Johnny” and “Pierre.”

In September, a new picture book by Mr. Sendak, “Bumble-Ardy” — the first in 30 years for which he produced both text and illustrations — was issued by HarperCollins Publishers. The book, which spent five weeks on the New York Times children’s best-seller list, tells the not-altogether-lighthearted story of an orphaned pig (his parents are eaten) who gives himself a riotous birthday party.

A posthumous picture book, “My Brother’s Book” — a poem written and illustrated by Mr. Sendak and inspired by his love for his late brother, Jack — is scheduled to be published next February.

Mr. Sendak’s work was the subject of critical studies and major exhibitions; in the second half of his career, he was also renowned as a designer of theatrical sets. His art graced the writing of other eminent authors for children and adults, including Hans Christian Andersen, Leo Tolstoy, Herman Melville, William Blake and Isaac Bashevis Singer.

In book after book, Mr. Sendak upended the staid, centuries-old tradition of American children’s literature, in which young heroes and heroines were typically well scrubbed and even better behaved; nothing really bad ever happened for very long; and everything was tied up at the end in a neat, moralistic bow.

Headstrong and Bossy

Mr. Sendak’s characters, by contrast, are headstrong, bossy, even obnoxious. (In “Pierre,” “I don’t care!” is the response of the small eponymous hero to absolutely everything.) His pictures are often unsettling. His plots are fraught with rupture: children are kidnapped, parents disappear, a dog lights out from her comfortable home.

A largely self-taught illustrator, Mr. Sendak was at his finest a shtetl Blake, portraying a luminous world, at once lovely and dreadful, suspended between wakefulness and dreaming. In so doing, he was able to convey both the propulsive abandon and the pervasive melancholy of children’s interior lives.

His visual style could range from intricately crosshatched scenes that recalled 19th-century prints to airy watercolors reminiscent of Chagall to bold, bulbous figures inspired by the comic books he loved all his life, with outsize feet that the page could scarcely contain. He never did learn to draw feet, he often said.

In 1964, the American Library Association awarded Mr. Sendak the Caldecott Medal, considered the Pulitzer Prize of children’s book illustration, for “Where the Wild Things Are.” In simple, incantatory language, the book told the story of Max, a naughty boy who rages at his mother and is sent to his room without supper. A pocket Odysseus, Max promptly sets sail:

And he sailed off through night and day

and in and out of weeks

and almost over a year

to where the wild things are.

There, Max leads the creatures in a frenzied rumpus before sailing home, anger spent, to find his supper waiting.

As portrayed by Mr. Sendak, the wild things are deliciously grotesque: huge, snaggletoothed, exquisitely hirsute and glowering maniacally. He always maintained he was drawing his relatives — who, in his memory at least, had hovered like a pack of middle-aged gargoyles above the childhood sickbed to which he was often confined.

Maurice Bernard Sendak was born in Brooklyn on June 10, 1928; his father, Philip, worked in the garment district of Manhattan. Family photographs show the infant Maurice, or Murray as he was then known, as a plump, round-faced, slanting-eyed, droopy-lidded, arching-browed creature — looking, in other words, exactly like a baby in a Maurice Sendak illustration. Mr. Sendak adored drawing babies, in all their fleshy petulance.
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A frail child beset by a seemingly endless parade of illnesses, Mr. Sendak was reared, he said afterward, in a world of looming terrors: the Depression; World War II; the Holocaust, in which many of his European relatives perished; the seemingly infinite vulnerability of children to danger. He experienced the kidnapping of the Lindbergh baby in 1932 as a personal torment: if that fair-haired, blue-eyed princeling could not be kept safe, what certain peril lay in store for him, little Murray Sendak, in his humble apartment in Bensonhurst?
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An image from the Lindbergh crime scene — a ladder leaning against the side of a house — would find its way into “Outside Over There,” in which a baby is carried off by goblins.

As Mr. Sendak grew up — lower class, Jewish, gay — he felt permanently shunted to the margins of things. “All I wanted was to be straight so my parents could be happy,” he told The New York Times in a 2008 interview. “They never, never, never knew.”

His lifelong melancholia showed in his work, in picture books like “We Are All in the Dumps With Jack and Guy” (1993), a parable about homeless children in the age of AIDS. It showed in his habits. He could be dyspeptic and solitary, working in his white clapboard home deep in the Connecticut countryside with only Mozart, Melville, Mickey Mouse and his dogs for company.

It showed in his everyday interactions with people, especially those blind to the seriousness of his enterprise. “A woman came up to me the other day and said, ‘You’re the kiddie-book man!’ ” Mr. Sendak told Vanity Fair last year.“I wanted to kill her.”

But Mr. Sendak could also be warm and forthright, if not quite gregarious. He was a man of many enthusiasms — for music, art, literature, argument and the essential rightness of children’s perceptions of the world around them. He was also a mentor to a generation of younger writers and illustrators for children, several of whom, including Arthur Yorinks, Richard Egielski and Paul O. Zelinsky, went on to prominent careers of their own.

Long Hours in Bed

As far back as he could remember, Mr. Sendak had loved to draw. That and looking out the window had helped him pass the long hours in bed. While he was still in high school — at Lafayette in Brooklyn — he worked part time for All-American Comics, filling in backgrounds for book versions of the “Mutt and Jeff” comic strip. His first professional illustrations were for a physics textbook, “Atomics for the Millions,” published in 1947.

In 1948, at 20, he took a job building window displays for F. A. O. Schwarz. Through the store’s children’s book buyer, he was introduced to Ursula Nordstrom, the distinguished editor of children’s books at Harper & Row. The meeting, the start of a long, fruitful collaboration, led to Mr. Sendak’s first children’s book commission: illustrating “The Wonderful Farm,” by Marcel Aymé, published in 1951.

Under Ms. Nordstrom’s guidance, Mr. Sendak went on to illustrate books by other well-known children’s authors, including several by Ruth Krauss, notably “A Hole Is to Dig” (1952), and Else Holmelund Minarik’s “Little Bear” series. The first title he wrote and illustrated himself, “Kenny’s Window,” published in 1956, was a moody, dreamlike story about a lonely boy’s inner life.

Mr. Sendak’s books were often a window on his own experience. “Higglety Pigglety Pop! Or, There Must Be More to Life” was a valentine to Jennie, his beloved Sealyham terrier, who died shortly before the book was published.

At the start of the story, Jennie, who has everything a dog could want — including “a round pillow upstairs and a square pillow downstairs” — packs her bags and sets off on her own, pining for adventure. She finds it on the stage of the World Mother Goose Theatre, where she becomes a leading lady. Every day, and twice on Saturdays, Jennie, who looks rather like a mop herself, eats a mop made out of salami. This makes her very happy.

“Hello,” Jennie writes in a satisfyingly articulate letter to her master. “As you probably noticed, I went away forever. I am very experienced now and very famous. I am even a star. … I get plenty to drink too, so don’t worry.”

By contrast, the huge, flat, brightly colored illustrations of “In the Night Kitchen,” the story of a boy’s journey through a fantastic nocturnal cityscape, are a tribute to the New York of Mr. Sendak’s childhood, recalling the 1930s films and comic books he adored all his life. (The three bakers who toil in the night kitchen are the spit and image of Oliver Hardy.)

Mr. Sendak’s later books could be much darker. “Brundibar” (2003), with text by the playwright Tony Kushner, is a picture book based on an opera performed by the children of the Theresienstadt concentration camp. The opera, also called “Brundibar,” had been composed in 1938 by Hans Krasa, a Czech Jew who later died in Auschwitz.

‘Melodramatic Menace’

Reviewing the book in The New York Times Book Review, the novelist and children’s book author Gregory Maguire called it “a capering picture book crammed with melodramatic menace and comedy both low and grand.” He added: “In a career that spans 50 years and counting, as Sendak’s does, there are bound to be lesser works. ‘Brundibar’ is not lesser than anything.”

With Mr. Kushner, Mr. Sendak collaborated on a stage version of the opera, performed in 2006 at the New Victory Theater in New York.
who has died aged 83, was one of the great writers and illustrators of children’s literature. His imagination was deeply rooted in his own vividly remembered childhood and there is a powerful dreamlike quality to his work. He was a master draftsman, largely self-taught and in some ways quite traditional, because he was inspired by Victorian English illustrators such as Randolph Caldecott and by the Jewish European folklore of his own background. But this was mixed with the heady excitement of American comic strips and, of course, the movies. I met him once over dinner and he described his intense excitement as a child at going from his home in Brooklyn across the Brooklyn Bridge to the cinema in Manhattan to see Buster Keaton, Mickey Mouse and Laurel and Hardy, all of whom were strongly inspirational in his works.

Like most great children’s story writers and illustrators, his work came from somewhere deep within, from a place that was in his case extremely dark. His childhood was overshadowed by the deaths of extended family in the concentration camps of Europe. So it is hardly surprising that the lost child, the child who is stolen away, as well as the maverick child who runs away from the stultifying strictures of adult life, were themes that Sendak returned to again and again in his work.

If you ask people what their favourite Maurice Sendak book is, they always say Where the Wild Things Are. But my personal favourite is In the Night Kitchen. It is so brilliantly scary and marvellously unsettling. Those chefs are frightening in the way that clowns and comedians can so often be. My other favourite is Outside Over There, his story of Ida, the jealous sibling whose baby sister is kidnapped by goblins through the nursery window. Again you have this theme of the lost or stolen child, so central to Sendak’s work, and exerting such a deep pull for all of us.

Shirley Hughes is an author/illustrator. Her books include the Alfie series and Dogger. Her first teenage novel, Hero on a Bicycle, was recently published by Walker Books.
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Donald “Duck” Dunn, the bassist who helped create the gritty Memphis soul sound at Stax Records in the 1960s as part of the legendary group Booker T. and the MGs and contributed to such classics as “In the Midnight Hour,” ”Hold On I’m Coming” and “Sitting on the Dock of the Bay,” died Sunday at 70.

Dunn, whose legacy as one of the most respected session musicians in the business also included work with John Belushi and Dan Ackroyd’s Blues Brothers as well as with Levon Helm, Eric Clapton, Neil Young, Bob Dylan and others, died while on tour in Tokyo.

News of his death was posted on the Facebook site of his friend and fellow musician Steve Cropper, who was on the same tour. Cropper said Dunn died in his sleep.

Dunn was born in Memphis, Tenn., in 1941, and according to the biography on his official website, was nicknamed for the cartoon character by his father.

His father, a candy maker, did not want his son to be a musician

“He thought I would become a drug addict and die. Most parents in those days thought music was a pastime, something you did as a hobby, not a profession,” Dunn said.

But by the time Dunn was in high school, he was in a band, the Royal Spades, with Cropper, a group that would eventually become the Mar-Keys.

Cropper left the band to become a session player at Stax Records, the legendary Memphis-based record company that would become known for its gritty soul records and artists like Otis Redding, Sam and Dave, Isaac Hayes and the Staples Singers.

Soon, Dunn followed Cropper and joined the Stax house band, which would become Booker T. and the MGs. It included Booker T. Jones on organ and Al Jackson on drums and was later inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

“I would have liked to have been on the road more, but the record company wanted us in the studio. Man, we were recording almost a hit a day for a while there,” Dunn said.

The group had its heyday in the 1960s as backup for Stax artists such as Redding. Booker T. and the MGs had its own hits as well, including “Hang ‘Em High,” and “Soul-Limbo.”

In the 1970s, the group’s members drifted apart. Jackson was killed in Memphis in 1975 by an intruder in his home.

The remaining members had a brief reunion in 1979, but Cropper and Dunn would have a sustained reunion when they joined Ackroyd and Belushi’s Blues Brothers band and appeared in the 1980 “Blues Brothers” movie.

“How could anybody not want to work with John and Dan? I was really kind of hesitant to do that show, but my wife talked me into it,” Dunn said in a 2007 interview with Vintage Guitar magazine, “and other than Booker’s band, that’s the most fun band I’ve ever been in.”

Dunn also did session work on recordings by Clapton, Young, Dylan, Rod Stewart, Sam and Dave and Stevie Nicks, according to his discography. He was on Redding’s “Respect” and “Sitting on the Dock of the Bay,” Sam and Dave’s “Hold On I’m Coming” and Wilson Pickett’s “In the Midnight Hour.”

Dunn once said that he and Cropper were “like married people.”

“I can look at him and know what he’ll order for dinner,” he said. “When we play music together we both know where we’re going.”

Dunn received a lifetime achievement Grammy award in 2007 for his work with Booker T. and the MGs.

He is survived by his wife, June; a son, Jeff; and a grandchild, Michael, said Michael Leahy, Dunn’s agent.
Booker T. & the M.G.’s is an instrumental R&B band that was influential in shaping the sound of southern soul and Memphis soul. Original members of the group were Booker T. Jones (organ, piano), Steve Cropper (guitar), Lewie Steinberg (bass), and Al Jackson, Jr. (drums). In the 1960s, as members of the house band of Stax Records, they played on hundreds of recordings by artists such as Wilson Pickett, Otis Redding, Bill Withers, Sam & Dave, Carla and Rufus Thomas and Johnnie Taylor. They also released instrumental records under their own name, such as the 1962 hit single “Green Onions”.[1] As originators of the unique Stax sound, the group was one of the most prolific, respected, and imitated of their era. By the mid-1960s, bands on both sides of the Atlantic were trying to sound like Booker T. & the M.G.’s.[2][3]

In 1965, Steinberg was replaced by Donald “Duck” Dunn, who played with the group until his death in 2012. Al Jackson, Jr. was murdered in 1975, after which the trio of Dunn, Cropper and Jones reunited on numerous occasions using various drummers, including Willie Hall, Anton Fig, Steve Jordan and Steve Potts.[2]

The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992.[4]

Having two white members (Cropper and Dunn), Booker T. & the M.G.’s was one of the first racially integrated rock groups, at a time when soul music, and the Memphis music scene in particular, were generally considered the preserve of black culture.[5]
Contents
[hide]

* 1 Early years: 1962–1964
* 2 Later success: 1965–1971
* 3 1970s reunions
* 4 1980s to the present
* 5 Name
* 6 Discography
* 7 See also
* 8 References
* 9 External links

[edit] Early years: 1962–1964

“Green Onions”, from the album Green Onions
Play sound
The first track from the band’s debut album. The tempo, tone and technique in Green Onions make it one of the most recognized soul instrumentals of all time.
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The band was formed as the house band of Stax Records, providing backing music for a variety of singers such as Wilson Pickett and Otis Redding.[6] In summer 1962, seventeen-year-old keyboardist Booker T. Jones, twenty-year-old guitarist Steve Cropper, bass player Lewie Steinberg, and Al Jackson Jr., a drummer making his debut with the company, were in the Memphis studio to back up former Sun Records star Billy Lee Riley. During downtime, the four started playing around with a bluesy little organ ditty reminiscent of Ray Charles. Jim Stewart, the president of Stax Records, liked what he heard and hit the “record” button. He liked the finished product enough to want to release it.[citation needed] Cropper remembered a riff that Jones had come up with weeks earlier and before long, they had a second song.

Stewart wanted to release the single with the first song, titled “Behave Yourself”, as the A-side and the second song as the B-side. Steve Cropper and radio disc jockeys thought otherwise; soon, Stax released Booker T. & the M.G.’s’ “Green Onions”[6] backed with “Behave Yourself”. In conversation with BBC Radio 2’s Johnnie Walker, on his show broadcast on September 7, 2008, Cropper revealed that the record became an instant success when DJ Reuben Washington, at Memphis radio station WLOK, played it four times in succession, this even before the tune or the band had an agreed-upon name.

The single went to #1 on the US Billboard R&B chart and #3 on the pop chart. It sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc.[7] It is featured in countless movies/trailers including a pivotal scene in the motion picture American Graffiti.

Later in 1962, the band released an all-instrumental album entitled Green Onions. Aside from the title track, a ’sequel’ (”Mo’ Onions”) and “Behave Yourself”, the album consisted of instrumental covers of popular hits.

Instrumental singles and albums would continue to be issued by Booker T. & The M.G.’s throughout the 1960s. However, although a successful recording combo in their own right, the bulk of the work done by the musicians in the band during this era was as the core of the de facto house band at Stax Records.[1] Members of Booker T. & The M.G.’s (often, but not always, performing as a unit) performed as the studio backing band for Otis Redding, Sam & Dave, Albert King, Johnnie Taylor, Eddie Floyd, The Staple Singers, Wilson Pickett, Delaney & Bonnie and many others in the 1960s.[1]

They played on and produced hundreds of records, including classics like “Walking the Dog”, “Hold On, I’m Comin’” (on which the multi-instrumentalist Jones played tuba over Donald “Duck” Dunn’s bass line), “Soul Man”, “Who’s Making Love”, “I’ve Been Loving You Too Long (To Stop Now)”, and “Try a Little Tenderness”, among others. Like their Motown contemporaries the Funk Brothers in Detroit, as a backing band to numerous hits, they are thought to have defined soul music—especially southern soul—where “the groove” was most important.

Though it’s often assumed that Booker T. Jones played on all the above session work, in the mid-1960s Jones was often studying music full-time at Indiana University. Stax writer/producer Isaac Hayes usually stepped in on the occasions when Jones was unavailable for session work, and on several sessions Jones and Hayes played together with one on organ, the other on piano. However, Hayes was never an official member of the M.G.’s, and Jones played on all the records credited to “Booker T. & The M.G.’s”—with one exception. That exception was the 1965 hit “Boot-Leg”, a studio jam recorded with Hayes on keyboards in Jones’s place. According to Steve Cropper, the song was recorded with the intention of being released as by The Mar-Keys (another name used to release singles by the Stax house band.) However, as recordings credited to Booker T. & The M.G.’s were meeting with greater commercial success than those credited to The Mar-Keys, the decision was made to credit “Boot-Leg” to Booker T. & The M.G.’s, even though Booker T. himself does not appear on the recording.

Individual session credits notwithstanding, what’s indisputable is that the Stax house band (Cropper, Jackson, Jones, and Steinberg, along with Cropper’s Mar-Keys bandmate, bassist Donald “Duck” Dunn; keyboardist Isaac Hayes; and various horn players, most frequently Floyd Newman, Wayne Jackson and Andrew Love) would set a standard for soul music. Whereas the sign outside Detroit’s pop-oriented Motown Records aptly read “Hitsville U.S.A.”, the marquee outside of the converted movie theater where Stax was based proclaimed “Soulsville U.S.A.”.
[edit] Later success: 1965–1971

Booker T. & The M.G.’s consistently issued singles from 1963 to 1965, but only a few made the charts, and none were as successful as “Green Onions”. Bassist Lewie Steinberg, who was from a family of musicians, recorded with the band through 1965, including their second album 1965’s Soul Dressing. Where the Green Onions album was cover-filled, every song but one on Soul Dressing was an original. Nevertheless, the chemistry — musically and personally — wasn’t quite right. Steinberg stepped aside, and Donald “Duck” Dunn (who was already part of Stax’s house band) became the group’s full-time bassist.

After a period of commercial decline, Booker T. & The M.G.’s returned to the top 40 with the 1967 instrumental “Hip Hug-Her”. Surprisingly, “Hip Hug-Her” was the first single released with Jones on a Hammond B-3 organ, the instrument he is most known for playing (he played a Hammond M-3 on all of the earlier recordings, including “Green Onions”). They also had a substantial hit with their cover of The Rascals’ “Groovin’”.

Also in 1967, they joined the now famed Stax European tour. Dubbed “Hit the Road, Stax!”, they performed and backed up the label’s stars. In June of that year, they, along with Otis Redding, appeared at the Monterey Pop Festival, alongside performers like Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, The Who, and Jefferson Airplane. They were also later invited to play Woodstock, but drummer Al Jackson, Jr. was worried about the helicopter needed to deliver them to the site, and so they decided not to play.

The Hip Hug-Her album was followed by Doin’ Our Thing and Soul Limbo. The song “Soul Limbo”, featuring marimba by Terry Manning, was a big hit (later used by the BBC as their theme for cricket coverage on both TV and, latterly, radio’s “Test Match Special”), as was their version of “Hang ‘em High”. In 1969, the band scored their second biggest hit with “Time is Tight”, from the soundtrack to the movie “Up Tight!”, scored by Jones,[8] which reached #6 on the Billboard pop charts.

In 1969, Duck Dunn and Booker T. Jones, in particular, had become enamored with The Beatles, especially their work on Abbey Road. The appreciation was mutual, as The Beatles had patterned a lot of what they did on the M.G.’s. John Lennon was a huge Stax fan who fondly called the group, “Book a Table and the Maitre D’s”. Paul McCartney, like Dunn, played bass melodically, without straying from the rhythm or the groove. It was obvious through each of their playing that they admired one another. After being locked away in the Memphis studio, when the company embarked on the “Hit the Road, Stax!” tour of 1967, The Beatles sent limos to the airport and bent down to kiss Steve Cropper’s ring.[citation needed] The M.G.’s had no idea, until then, of the impact they were having on the rest of the world. Lennon was quoted as saying he always wanted to write an instrumental for the M.G.’s.

In 1970, Lennon’s wish was granted, in a manner of speaking, as Jones, Dunn, and Jackson recorded McLemore Avenue, named for the street where Stax was located. Jones later taught Cropper, who had not heard Abbey Road, what to play. They covered thirteen of Abbey Road’s songs, condensing twelve of them into three medleys, and included a cover version of George Harrison’s “Something”. The album’s cover, is indeed an intentional pastiche of The Beatles’ Abbey Road “street crossing” album cover.

During 1970 Booker T & The M.G.’s sat in with Creedence Clearwater Revival for a jam, and were the warm up band for CCR’s Jan31 Oakland Colosseum gig that became ‘The Concert’ album for CCR. It is often suggested that John Fogerty’s interest in putting Hammond B3 on the album “Pendulum” was a direct nod to Booker T and the mutual admiration both bands had for each other.

They followed up in 1971 with what would be their last Stax single, “Melting Pot”, and their last Stax album, also called Melting Pot. “Melting Pot”’s repetitive groove-oriented drumming, loping bass line, and super-tight rhythm guitar made it an underground hit popular in New York City block parties. The song has often been sampled by rappers and techno DJs. The full-length album version of the track is over eight minutes long, and the second – album-only – part features some powerful flourishes from Booker T’s Hammond B3. The Melting Pot album is also home to the highly tuneful Native American-influenced track “Fuquawi”, which was also released on single coupled with “Jamaica This Morning” (see below).

Before the Melting Pot album was recorded, Booker T. Jones had left Stax. In fact, part of the album was recorded in New York, not the Stax studio. Steve Cropper had also become unhappy with business affairs at Stax and soon left. Dunn and Jackson remained on and did session and production work. Jackson, who had been in Hi Records producer Willie Mitchell’s band, played on and wrote many of Al Green’s biggest hits.

Without Booker T., the group (billed simply as The MG’s) released one final single in October 1971. Called “Jamaica This Morning”, the single failed to chart, and the group name was retired for the time being.
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In 1973, Dunn and Stax session guitarist Bobby Manuel recruited B-3 organ phenom Carson Whitsett to be part of a band that was to back up a promising new Stax artist named Stefan Anderson. Later, Al Jackson was brought in. The project, however, did not ultimately yield any results, but the rehearsals were promising, prompting Jackson and Dunn to reform The M.G.’s. This version of the band featured Whitsett in the place of Booker T, so was billed “The MG’s” rather than “Booker T. & The M.G.’s”.

The 1973 album entitled The MG’s, with Manuel and Whitsett replacing Cropper and Jones, was not commercially successful, though it was critically well received. Carson Whitsett would go on to back up Bobby “Blue” Bland, Little Milton, and Kathy Mattea, and have his songs recorded by the likes of Johnnie Taylor, Solomon Burke, B. B. King, Etta James, Conway Twitty, and Lorrie Morgan. Bobby Manuel would become a staple of the Memphis music scene playing with everybody from Al Green to Albert King and later founded HighStacks Records in a tribute to Stax and Hi Records.

1975

After a promising meeting in late September 1975, Jones and Cropper (who were now living in Los Angeles) and Jackson and Dunn (still in Memphis), decided to give each other three months to finish up all of their projects. They would then devote three years to what would be renamed Booker T. Jones & the Memphis Group. Nine days later (October 1), Al Jackson, the man Cropper would remember as “the greatest drummer to ever walk the earth”, was murdered in his home.

1977

The remaining three members eventually regrouped under the classic name Booker T. & The MGs. Bringing in drummer Willie Hall, a Stax session musician who played on many Stax hits (such as Isaac Hayes’s “Theme from Shaft”) as an official member, the group recorded the album Universal Language for Asylum Records in 1977. The album didn’t meet with either commercial or critical success, and the band once again dissolved.

Over the next decade, Cropper, Dunn and Jones remained very active, producing, writing, and playing with other artists. All three joined The Band’s drummer Levon Helm as part of his RCO All-Stars. In 1977, Cropper and Dunn famously became part of The Blues Brothers Band, appearing on the number one album Briefcase Full of Blues. Cropper and Dunn, along with drummer Willie Hall, also appeared in the 1980 movie The Blues Brothers starring Dan Aykroyd and John Belushi. Cropper, Dunn and Hall later reprised their roles in Blues Brothers 2000.
[edit] 1980s to the present

In 1980 the hit feature film The Blues Brothers featured Steve Cropper and Donald “Duck” Dunn as part of the primary band which backed up the Blues Brothers.

In 1986, former co-owner of Atlantic Records Jerry Wexler asked the group to be the house band for Atlantic Records’ 40th anniversary celebration. The night before the gig, Booker T. Jones came down with food poisoning, so Paul Shaffer stepped in at the last minute. However, the rehearsals (with Jones, Cropper, Dunn, and drummer Anton Fig of Shaffer’s “World’s Most Dangerous Band”, featured on Late Night with David Letterman) went so well that the group decided to play some dates together.

Over the next few years, they played together occasionally. In 1992, Bob Dylan asked them to again serve as house band, this time at the concert commemorating his thirty years in the music business. There they backed up, among others, Dylan, Stevie Wonder, Johnny Cash, Eric Clapton, and George Harrison. While there, Neil Young asked the group to back him up on his world tour the following year.

Also in 1992, Booker T. & The M.G.’s were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[1]

In 1994, the group recorded its first album in 17 years, called That’s The Way It Should Be. Steve Jordan was the featured drummer on most tracks.

In 1995, when the Rock and Roll Hall Of Fame opened its museum in Cleveland, Ohio, the M.G.’s served as the house band for the opening ceremonies, playing behind Aretha Franklin, Sam Moore, John Fogerty, and Al Green, as well as performing themselves.

Jones, Dunn, and Al Jackson Jr.’s cousin, drummer Steve Potts, backed Neil Young on his 2002 album Are You Passionate?. Cropper, along with Isaac Hayes and Sam Moore, welcomed Stax president Jim Stewart into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2002. Cropper and Hayes were later inducted in The Songwriters Hall of Fame. Booker T. & The M.G.’s, usually with Steve Potts on drums, still play select dates. They have been called the most influential stylists in modern American music. In early 2008 they toured with Australian singer Guy Sebastian in Australia on a sold-out tour.

In 2004, Rolling Stone Magazine ranked the group #93 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time,[9] and in 2007, the group received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.[10] Also in 2004, Eric Clapton featured Booker T., Steve Cropper and Donald “Duck” Dunn as his house band for the first “Crossroads Guitar Festival”. The event was held at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas and featured many of the legends of various musical genres who play guitar as their primary instrument. Booker T. and the MGs was the back up band for several great acts which Clapton presented “live” for that two day festival and subsequently on the 2 disc DVD version of the show.

On April 21, 2009, Booker T. released Potato Hole, a new album in collaboration with the band Drive-By Truckers and featuring Neil Young on guitar

On May 13, 2012, Donald “Duck” Dunn passed away following two concerts in Tokyo, Japan.
[edit] Name

For many years, the “official” story was that the band name “The M.G.’s” was meant to stand for “Memphis Group”, not the MG sports car. However, this proved not to be the case.[11]

Musician and record producer Chips Moman, active in Stax Records when the band was formed, for many years claimed that the band was named after his MG sports car, and only after he left the label did Stax’s publicity department declare that “M.G.” stood for “Memphis Group”. To lend some credibility to this story, Moman had played with Jones in an earlier Stax backing group called the Triumphs, which was also named after his car.[12] Stax historian Rob Bowman avers that the reason the label obscured the story of the meaning of name “The M.G.’s” (and concocted the “Memphis Group” explanation) was to avoid any possible claims of trademark infringement from the manufacturers of the car. Jones, in an interview on NPR’s Fresh Air with Terry Gross, confirmed Moman’s account of the group name’s origins in 2007.[13] On May 9, 2012 Booker T appeared on the David Letterman show sitting in with the Paul Shaffer band. Paul referred to him as his personal guru of the Hammond B-3. Letterman asked Paul what happened to the MGs. Paul went on to mention their late drummer, Al Jackson Jr. and Steve Cropper. Letterman asked Paul what the MG stood for and he said he always wondered that himself and he turned to Booker T Jones. Booker T said that there was a MG sports car parked outside when they recorded Green Onions and they decided on that name, but since then we forgot about those folks.
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EW YORK – Donald “Duck” Dunn, the bassist who helped create the gritty Memphis soul sound at Stax Records in the 1960s as part of the legendary group Booker T. and the MGs and contributed to such classics as “In the Midnight Hour,” ”Hold On I’m Coming” and “Sitting on the Dock of the Bay,” died Sunday at 70.

Dunn, whose legacy as one of the most respected session musicians in the business also included work with John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd’s Blues Brothers as well as with Levon Helm, Eric Clapton, Neil Young and Bob Dylan, died while on tour in Tokyo.

News of his death was posted on the Facebook site of his friend and fellow musician Steve Cropper, who was on the same tour. Cropper said Dunn died in his sleep.

“Today I lost my best friend, the World has lost the best guy and bass player to ever live,” Cropper wrote on Twitter.

Dunn was born in Memphis, Tenn., in 1941, and according to the biography on his official website, was nicknamed for the cartoon character by his father. His father, a candy maker, did not want him to be a musician.

“He thought I would become a drug addict and die. Most parents in those days thought music was a pastime, something you did as a hobby, not a profession,” Dunn said.

But by the time Dunn was in high school, he was in a band with Cropper.

Cropper left to become a session player at Stax, the Memphis record company that would become known for its soul recordings and artists such as Otis Redding, Sam and Dave, Isaac Hayes and the Staples Singers.

Dunn soon followed Cropper and joined the Stax house band, also known as Booker T. and the MGs.

It was one of the first racially integrated soul groups, with two whites (Dunn on bass and Cropper on guitar) and two blacks (Booker T. Jones on organ and Al Jackson on drums), and was later inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

The group had its heyday in the 1960s as backup for various Stax artists. Dunn played on Redding’s “Respect” and “Sitting on the Dock of the Bay,” Sam and Dave’s “Hold On I’m Coming” and Wilson Pickett’s “In the Midnight Hour.”

Booker T. and the MGs had its own hits as well, including “Hang ‘Em High,” ”Soul-Limbo” and, before Dunn joined the band, the cool 1962 instrumental “Green Onions.”

“I would have liked to have been on the road more, but the record company wanted us in the studio. Man, we were recording almost a hit a day for a while there,” Dunn said.

In the 1970s, the group’s members drifted apart. Jackson was killed in Memphis in 1975 by an intruder in his home.

Cropper and Dunn reunited when they joined Aykroyd and Belushi’s Blues Brothers band and appeared in the 1980 “Blues Brothers” movie.

“How could anybody not want to work with John and Dan? I was really kind of hesitant to do that show, but my wife talked me into it,” Dunn said in a 2007 interview with Vintage Guitar magazine, “and other than Booker’s band, that’s the most fun band I’ve ever been in.”

Dunn also did session work on recordings by Clapton, Young, Dylan, Rod Stewart, Stevie Nicks and Tom Petty, according to his discography.

Dunn once said that he and Cropper were “like married people.”

“I can look at him and know what he’ll order for dinner,” he said. “When we play music together we both know where we’re going.”

Dunn received a lifetime achievement Grammy in 2007.

He is survived by his wife, June; a son, Jeff; and a grandchild, Michael, said Michael Leahy, Dunn’s agent.
Bassist Donald “Duck” Dunn, a member of Booker T. & the MGs whose thick bottom grooves anchored many of the classic soul hits from the 1960s, has died on tour in Japan, his friend and bandmate Steve Cropper said on Sunday. Dunn was 70.

Dunn, an integral part of the Memphis soul sound as bassist for the MGs, the house band for Stax and Volt records, died Sunday morning after finishing two shows at the Blue Note Night Club in Tokyo, Cropper said in a posting on his Facebook page.

“Today I lost my best friend, the world has lost the best guy and bass player to ever live,” Cropper said.

Cropper, who also performed with Dunn on television and in the movies as part of the MGs-inspired Blues Brothers tribute band, said Dunn had died in his sleep, but he gave no other details about the circumstances.

The signature instrumental grooves of Booker T. & the MGs, grounded by Dunn’s heavy bass notes, provided the musical bedrock on hundreds of singles for such soul stars as Wilson Pickett, Otis Redding, Eddie Floyd and Sam & Dave.

From Redding’s wistful “(Sittin’ On) The Dock of the Bay” to Picket’s raucous “In the Midnight Hour,” the band’s lean, tight accompaniment carried the vocals.

The group, inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992, also cut 10 albums and charted 14 hits of their own, including “Hip Hug-Her,” “Groovin’,” “Soul-Limbo,” “Hang ‘em High” and “Time Is Right.”

The first and biggest instrumental hit of the MGs (an abbreviation for “Memphis Group”) was recorded in 1962 before Dunn joined – “Green Onions,” a 12-bar blues composition that has become a staple for aspiring rockers ever since.

Their most notable collaboration was with Redding, Stax’s greatest star. The group played on virtually all of his records and backed him l i ve for his legendary performance at the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967.

Cropper co-wrote Redding’s most popular hit, “(Sittin’ On) The Dock of the Bay,” and shared songwriting credits on such soul standards as Pickett’s “In the Midnight Hour” and Floyd’s “Knock On Wood.”

Dunn also played in sessions for many artists outside the realm of soul, including Eric Clapton, Neil Young and Jerry Lee Lewis.

In contrast to the more orchestrated pop-soul sound of Detroit-based Motown Records, the soul stylings produced by the Stax/Volt labels in Memphis were defined by the MGs’ spare, punchy and deeply groove-laden instrumentals.

The group, formed in the early 1960s, originally consisted of its namesake organist, Booker T. Jones, guitarist Cropper, drummer Al Jackson and bassist Lewis Steinberg. But the definitive lineup of the MGs was completed after a couple of years when Steinberg was permanently replaced by Dunn, who had started out with Cropper in a band called the Mar-Keys.

The MGs gradually broke up after Stax was sold in 1968, although the rhythm section of Dunn and Jackson continued to play on many subsequent Stax recordings. Jackson was shot to death in his Memphis home in 1975 as the group was preparing a reunion album.

In the 1990s, the surviving members reunited to back Neil Young on a tour and released “That’s the Way It Should Be,” their first album in more than 20 years.

Dunn and Cropper also performed in the Blues Brothers Band, a group originally assembled to back John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd for a 1978 comedy sketch on “Saturday Night Live.” They also appeared together in the 1980 “Blues Brothers” movie and its 1998 sequel, “Blues Brothers 2000.”
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oseph Daniel “Joey” Votto, (born September 10, 1983) is a Canadian Major League Baseball first baseman for the Cincinnati Reds. In 2010, he won the National League MVP Award, the National League Hank Aaron Award, and the Lou Marsh Trophy as Canada’s athlete of the year.[1]
Contents
[hide]

* 1 Early life
* 2 Early career
* 3 Major leagues (2007–present)
o 3.1 2007–08 seasons
o 3.2 2009 season
o 3.3 2010 season
o 3.4 2011 season
o 3.5 2012 Season
* 4 Player Profile
* 5 Personal life
* 6 Career awards and honors
* 7 See also
* 8 References
* 9 External links

[edit] Early life

Votto was born on September 10, 1983 in Toronto, Ontario and grew up in Etobicoke, the western part of Toronto. His mother was a sommelier and restaurant manager. His late father, Joseph, was a chef and a baseball fan. Votto enrolled at Richview Collegiate Institute in 1997. At his high school, Votto was also interested in basketball, but he was not interested in hockey. Votto and his father were fans of the Toronto Blue Jays.
[edit] Early career

Votto was drafted out of high school in the second round of the 2002 MLB amateur draft by the Reds (44th overall), Votto’s first few professional seasons with the Reds’ rookie-level affiliates were quiet. However, Votto burst onto the scene in 2004, when he hit 26 doubles, 14 home runs, and sported a batting average of .302 with the Class A Dayton Dragons. He was promoted to Class A Advanced Potomac, and hit five more home runs in 20 games to end the season with 19.

Votto’s consistency declined during 2005 campaign with Sarasota. While he still hit 19 home runs, Votto struck out 122 times and his batting average dropped nearly 50 points to .256.

Votto rebounded in 2006 with the best of his minor league career. Playing with Class AA Chattanooga, he improved his batting average to .319 and hit 46 doubles and 22 home runs. He led the Southern League in batting average and total bases and was third in the league in home runs and RBI. Votto was selected to play in the 2006 Futures Game on the World Team. He also played on both the Mid-Season and Post-Season Northern League All-Star teams, and was voted a minor league all-star by Baseball America. Votto culminated his season by winning the Northern League MVP award.
[edit] Major leagues (2007–present)
Votto in Spring Training, 2008
[edit] 2007–08 seasons

Votto started off the 2007 season playing in Triple-A for the Louisville Bats. He was called up on September 1, 2007. He made his Major League debut on September 4, 2007, striking out against Guillermo Mota of the New York Mets. In his second major league at bat Votto hit his first career home run. He went 3 for 5 and scored 2 runs. The Reds won the game, 7–0. On September 8, Votto went 1 for 3 with a home runs and 3 runs batted in. His 3 RBIs were the only runs the Reds got as they lost to the Milwaukee Brewers, 4–3. In his next game, he went 2 for 4. On September 14, Votto stole his first career base against the Brewers. Votto ended the season on a good note, going 2-for-4 with a home run and 5 RBIs in the Cincinnati Reds’ final game of the 2007 season.[2] Votto would finished the season batting .321 with 4 home runs and 17 runs batted in.

Beginning the 2008 season, Votto shared time platooning at first base with Scott Hatteberg, until Manager Dusty Baker began playing Votto as the Reds’ starting first baseman in early April. On April 15, Votto hit his first home run of the season off of Michael Wuertz. Votto drove in a career high 5 runs against the Cubs 2 games later. Votto also had a nice defensive play in the game. In the 7th inning, Votto stretched and made a fine play when he robbed Mike Fontenot of a base hit and ended the Cubs threat with runners on second and third. “I’m glad I came through in that situation early in the game,” Votto said. “I think that leaving here without getting swept is really important.”

On May 7, 2008, Votto hit three home runs in a game against the Chicago Cubs. “I’m like a kid,” said Votto, a second-year player who had never hit more than one in a game. “I thought it was cool. It’s not a big part of my game.”

Votto hit his first career pinch hit home run against Cleveland’ Cliff Lee, who would go on to win the AL Cy Young Award. He broke the Reds’ record for the most runs batted in by a rookie in a single season. The previous record was held by National Baseball Hall of Fame outfielder Frank Robinson with 83 RBI set in 1956. Votto drove in 84 runs during the 2008 season. On August 31, Votto had his first career 4-hit game against the San Francisco Giants. He knocked in 4 runs in a 9–3 Reds victory. On September 18, Votto and teammate Jay Bruce each homered 2 times. They became the fifth rookie teammates to in divisional player era to hit 20 home runs in the same season. Votto also drove in 4 runs in the game. Votto then ended the season by going 2 for 2 with a home run, 2 runs batted in, and a base on ball.

He finished second in National League Rookie of the Year voting to the Chicago Cubs’ Geovany Soto.[3] Votto led all NL rookies in hitting (.297), hits (156), HR (24), total bases (266), multi-hit games (42), on-base percentage (.368) and slugging percentage (.506).
[edit] 2009 season

Votto played for Canada in the 2009 World Baseball Classic. In Canada’s first game against the United States, Votto had 4 hits in 5 at-bats, one of which was a home run.[4]

Votto began the 2009 season strong as the outright starter at first base. In the second game of the season, Votto went 3 for 5 with a homer and 3 RBI in a loss to the New York Mets. In the next game against the Mets, Votto had another homer and 4 RBI. He had a 6-game hitting streak from April 12 through April 18. Votto’s short hitting streak ended when he went 0 for 4 against the Houston Astros. On April 23, Votto went 4 for 5 with a home run and 2 runs batted in against the Cubs. Votto ended out with a .346 batting average, 3 home runs, and 20 runs batted in in the month of April.

Votto opened May with a 5-game hitting streak. In a May matchup against the St. Louis Cardinals, Votto had two homers for 4 RBI. He finished out the month with 5 home runs and a .378 batting average. However, Votto was placed on the DL to open June after missing time in May due to personal issues. Prior to his return game during the 2009 season he indicated he had been suffering from depression and anxiety issues as a result of the death of his father in August 2008, and had sought treatment for them.[5] He had previously missed time because of dizziness related to an inner ear infection.

Votto made his return against the Toronto Blue Jays on June 23. Joey went 1 for 4 but struck out 2 times. In his third game back, Votto went 4 for 5 with a home run and 4 RBIs. After going hitless in his fourth game back, Votto had a 14-game hitting streak. During that stretch, Votto bated .389 with 3 home runs and 14 runs batted in. His hitting streak ended against the Mets on July 12 when he went 0 for 2.

Votto was named the National League Player of the Week for September 21–27, 2009, after hitting 10 doubles in a five-game span, a concentrated display not seen in 77 years. Hall of Fame outfielder Paul Waner did it for the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1932.[6] Votto went 2 for 3 with a home run, 3 RBIs, and 2 base on balls against the Pirates on October 3. In the last game of the season, he went 3 for 4 with a base on balls and raised his average over the .320 mark.

Despite missing 31 games overall, Votto finished the 2009 season among the National League leaders in batting average (.322), on-base percentage (.414), slugging percentage (.567), and hit 25 home runs.
[edit] 2010 season

Votto started the 2010 season by going 3 for 5 with a home run and a run batted in. By the end of April, Votto had 4 home runs and 12 runs batted in. His average was only at .275 but his on base percentage was at an even .400 due to 18 base on balls.

Votto played better in the month of May. He batted .344 with 6 home runs and 21 runs batted in. However, he missed the last 6 games that month due to a sore neck injury. Votto would be back on June 1 in a game against the Cardinals. He went 4 for 5 with a home run and a run batted in. The Reds won the game to regain the NL Central lead. “I wouldn’t use the word nerve-wracking, but I think this year we’ve proven to other people and proven to ourselves that no lead is safe,” Votto said. “We have to respect the opposition and play hard all the way through nine innings.

Votto was not initially voted to the 2010 All-Star game in Anaheim, California, but made the roster via online fan voting through the National League’s Final Vote. Votto was named on 13.7 million of the 26 million ballots submitted.[7] Though, after the game, despite a National League victory, Votto refused to congratulate fellow N.L. All-star Marlon Byrd who made a game saving play by throwing out David Ortiz. Votto stated “I don’t like the Cubs,” Byrd’s current team and a divisional rival. Votto also added “And I’m not going to pat anybody with a Cubs uniform on the back. We are Cincinnati Reds. We’re taught to hate everything in the Central Division. That’s just how it is.” Votto went 0–2.

On August 25, Votto went 4 for 7 with 2 home runs and 4 runs batted in. Votto also drove in the tiebreaking single off of Giants pitcher Barry Zito. “We had such a comfortable lead for most of the game,” Votto said. “For them to come back like that, it could have been difficult to recover. Momentum plays a big role in a game like this. We just showed some resiliency to come back ourselves. “Votto made the cover of Sports Illustrated on the August 30, 2010 edition.

On September 11, Votto hit his first career walk-off home run of his career off of Pirates relief pitcher, Justin Thomas. “Thank God for Joey Votto,” manager Dusty Baker said. “That was MVP stuff right there. That’s what people come to see. That’s what we’ve come to expect.”

On the season Votto hit .324 with 113 RBIs, 106 runs scored, and 37 homers, including a grand slam off of Tommy Hanson of the Atlanta Braves on May 20. He finished the season leading the Major Leagues in On Base Percentage (.424), and led the National League in Slugging Percentage (.600), and On-Base Plus Slugging (1.024). The Reds would make the postseason but would lose to the Phillies in the National League Divisional Series, 3 games to 0. Votto struggled in the series, batting .091 with no home runs and only an RBI.

Votto won the 2010 Hank Aaron Award in the National League.[8]

He was announced as the 2010 NL MVP, coming within one vote of winning unanimously (Albert Pujols received the other first-place vote).[9] He was only the third Canadian to win the MVP award, after Larry Walker and Justin Morneau. He became the first Reds player to win the National League MVP since Barry Larkin won it in 1995. “After the season, when I looked at my numbers and at Albert’s numbers, I thought: ‘Holy cow! He’s beaten me in a lot of them,” Votto said. “He beat me in runs, he beat me in RBIs, home runs, I think a couple others. I beat him in a few of the qualitative stats.

“I don’t know — I think it was a tossup. I think that it was as close as it can get. I’m not going to go on a limb and say, ‘Oh, yeah, I played a heck of a lot better than him because I beat him in batting average, but we all know that batting average is kind of an overrated statistic.”
[edit] 2011 season
Votto in 2011

On January 16, it was announced that the Reds and Votto agreed to a 3-year, $38 million deal. [10]

Votto homered in the Reds first game of the 2011 season, a solo homer off of Yovani Gallarado of the Brewers. He also reached base two more times by bases on balls. Votto recorded his first 4-hit game of the season against the Arizona Diamondbacks and raised his average to .455. On April 13, he had 3 hits but the Reds lost the game against the San Diego Padres, 3–2. By the end of April, Votto had a .370 batting average, 4 home runs, and 14 runs batted in. He continued to get on base and posted a .500 on-base percentage. Votto began the season by reaching base in 27 consecutive games dating back to last season. The club record was by Dave Collins with 34 in 1981.

On June 25, Votto hit his 100th career home run against Brian Matusz of the Orioles. He later add another home run in the game. That was also his first mult-homer game of the season. He also drove in 5 runs, the most he drove in a game during the entire season. “That was a big night. Hit his 100th home run,” Reds manager Dusty Baker said. “Boy, we need him badly.”

On July 3, Votto was voted in by the players for the 2011 All Star Game as a reserve. Votto went 0 for 2 with a strikeout. During the second half, Votto was still hitting for great average and getting on base. However, his power numbers were down from last season. On August 28, Votto hit a walk-off home run against the Nationals in the 14th inning.

On September 24, Votto drove in 2 runs against the Pirates for his 100th and 101st of the season and becoming the first Reds player to drive in 100 runs in back-to-back seasons since Dave Parker did it from 1985 to 1986. Reds Manager Dusty Baker was happy for Votto but he still felt it was more important for the Reds to win games. “You always want to see your players achieve goals, but the main thing is to win and we haven’t won nearly enough this year,”Baker said.Votto had a chance to hit 30 home runs for the second straight season but went 0 for 3 in the last game of the season. Nevertheless, he led the Reds in runs batted in (103), and batting average (.309) and was second on the Reds in homers(29).

Votto finished with a .309 batting average, 29 home runs, and 103 runs batted in. He also led the NL in doubles (40), base on balls (110), and on-base percentage (.416).

On November 1, Votto won his first Gold Glove Award. Votto would finish 6th in the NL MVP voting.
[edit] 2012 Season

On April 2, 2012, Votto signed a 10-year, $225 million contract extension with the Cincinnati Reds, running through the 2024 season. [11] The deal includes the two years that remained on Votto’s previous contract and pushes the total worth of the contract to 12 years, $251.5 Million, officially becoming the longest active deal in baseball. [12] The deal (including the one-year team option), is the fourth-largest deal in Major League Baseball history, behind only Alex Rodriguez’s contracts with the New York Yankees (10 years, $275 Million) and Texas Rangers (10 years, $252 Million) and Albert Pujols’ deal with the Los Angeles Angels (10 years, $240 Million), and is the longest-guarenteed contract in MLB history.[13]

On May 14, Votto went 4 for 5, hit 3 home runs, 6 RBI, including a walk-off grand slam against the Washington Nationals to win 9-6. It was the first time in Major League history that a player hit 3 home runs inclduing a walk-off grand slam in a single game.
[edit] Player Profile

Through the end of the 2011 season, Votto had a career .313 batting average, 119 home runs, and 401 runs batted in.

Votto has been known to show great patience at the plate. He led the NL in base on balls with 110 in 2011. His career on-base percentage is at .405. He led the NL in that category in 2010 and 2011.

Votto has also been known as being a clutch hitter. Through the end of 2011, Votto had a career .348 batting average with 28 home runs and 270 runs batted in with runners in scoring position.

Votto is also considered a very good defensive first basemen. He led the NL in assists for first basemen(173) and putouts as first basemen (1,341). He was also third in fielding percentage for first basemen with a .996 fielding percentage in 2011. He won his first Gold Glove Award in 2011.
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Joey Votto hit a grand slam in the ninth inning for his third home run of the game, rallying the Reds to a rain-delayed 9-6 victory over the Washington Nationals on Sunday in Cincinnati.

Votto hit solo homers in his first two at-bats and finished a big day with his second career slam with two outs in the ninth.

Washington came into the game with only 15 homers allowed all season, fewest in the majors. Votto broke out of his power drought and helped the Reds avoid a sweep.

The last homer came against struggling closer Henry Rodriguez (1-3), who had trouble with his control on the wet mound. Rodriguez walked two batters to load the bases with two outs, then left a 2-and-2 pitch up and over the plate to Votto.

The 2010 NL MVP hadn’t homered since April 30 and had two coming into the game. He finished with a career-high six RBIs and the second three-homer game of his career.

Rangers 13, Angels 6 – Nelson Cruz hit his third career grand slam and Josh Hamilton drove in three runs as host Texas handed Jered Weaver his first loss.

Weaver (5-1), in his second start since throwing a no-hitter, gave up 10 hits and eight runs in 3 1/3 innings. It matched the most runs the righthander has allowed in his 185 career starts and was his shortest outing since 2009.

The slam by Cruz capped a five-run third for the Rangers. Hamilton, who had nine homers his previous six games, chased Weaver an inning later with a two-run double that made it 8-2.

Hamilton leads the majors in average (.402), homers (18), and RBIs (44).

Tigers 3, Athletics 1 – Justin Verlander struck out eight to win his fourth straight decision as Detroit beat host Oakland.

Miguel Cabrera hit a pair of RBI singles and Austin Jackson drew a bases-loaded walk in the sixth to put Detroit ahead, helping Verlander (4-1) win his 13th straight road decision dating to July 10.

Phillies 3, Padres 2 – Cole Hamels (5-1) was stellar in his return from a five-game suspension, working seven innings of one-run ball to help host Philadelphia beat San Diego.

Hamels, who allowed five hits while striking out five, was suspended by MLB after he intentionally threw a pitch that hit Washington rookie Bryce Harper last week.

Dodgers 11, Rockies 5 – Bobby Abreu hit a three-run double and A.J. Ellis added a three-run homer during a sixth-inning rally that carried Ted Lilly (5-0) and host Los Angeles over Colorado.

Twins 4, Blue Jays 3 – Scott Diamond (2-0) pitched seven shutout innings, Brian Dozier hit his first career homer, and host Minnesota held on to beat Toronto.

Toronto starter Ricky Romero (4-1) allowed nine hits in 5 1/3 innings, walked five, and did not strike out a batter for the first time in 101 career starts. Romero threw only 51 of his 99 pitches for strikes.

Rays 9, Orioles 8 – Elliot Johnson and Ben Zobrist homered, Carlos Pena ended an extended slump with two doubles and two RBIs, and visiting Tampa Bay beat Baltimore.

James Shields (6-1) gave up six runs, four earned, and seven hits in 6 1/3 innings.

Braves 7 Cardinals 4 – Jason Heyward ended a 10-pitch at-bat with a bases-clearing double in the third inning as Atlanta finished a three-game sweep in St. Louis.

Carlos Beltran hit his sixth homer in six games, his NL-leading 13th of the season.

Marlins 8, Mets 4 – Giancarlo Stanton hit a two-out grand slam to cap a ninth-inning rally by host Miami. It was the second walkoff victory in the three-game series for the Marlins, who have won 10 of their last 12 games.

Cubs 8, Brewers 2 – Ian Stewart hit a solo homer and scored the go-ahead run on an error, helping visiting Chicago beat Milwaukee to avoid a three-game sweep.

Royals 9, White Sox 1 – Jeff Francoeur hit his first homer of the season, pinch hitter Johnny Giavotella had a two-run double, and visiting Kansas City beat Chicago.

Giants 7, Diamondbacks 3 – Melky Cabrera singled four times to extend his hitting streak to 11 games, Gregor Blanco drove in three runs, and San Francisco beat host Arizona.

Pirates 3, Astros 2 – Josh Harrison’s 12th-inning single drove in Clint Barmes and Pittsburgh beat visiting Houston.

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As I stare at my giant Joey Votto SI poster, I wonder how one person can be so good at something to the point that it becomes ridiculous. Because Joseph Daniel Votto sure is good at playing baseball.

People have been “worried” about Joey since he hasn’t been playing as well as most people would have thought by now. Well, I think we can all agree that Joey is the last person we need to worry about. And honestly, I can’t believe people were worrying at all. I mean, this is Joey Votto we’re talking about.

Joseph doing what Joseph does best… Winning.

I was pretty satisfied after he hit just one home run. Then he hit two. I went a little crazy. But then this little guy happened…

And I went absolutely bonkers. If you need proof, check out my Twitter. Or I’m sure my neighbors might be able to tell you something about it, too. When Chris Welsh said, “I’m not so sure this really happened,” he was channeling just about every Reds fan, including myself, at the time.

I still can’t believe it ended like that.

It’s always nice to see something like that happen, especially with a semi-struggling team. This could be the spark the Reds need to get them back in the right direction. Let’s hope that it is.

And it’s nice to see that MLB is giving the Reds some love now. The Twitter account has been filled with Joey Votto tweets showing the rest of the baseball world how awesome our Joey Votto is.

But games like tonight remind me why I love baseball. This past week has been pretty kind to the game and my two favorite players. With Josh Hamilton’s performance last week and Joey’s tonight, it is hard not to love the game of baseball.
ohnny Cueto showed he could hold his own in a duel with one of baseball’s toughest pitchers at home, Zack Greinke.

Joey Votto and the Cincinnati Reds then found a way to give Dusty Baker a milestone victory.

Votto’s RBI double off John Axford broke a scoreless tie in the ninth, and the Reds edged the Milwaukee Brewers, 2-1, on Wednesday.

“Zack is always a handful,” Votto said. “John Axford is a very good pitcher in his own right, and then we stole one from him.”

The Reds won two of three against the struggling Brewers, leaving Baker with 1,500 victories as a major league manager.

Greinke pitched eight dominant innings for the Brewers before being lifted for a pinch-hitter. He gave up two hits with no walks and had a season-high 11 strikeouts — his 15th career double-digit strikeout game.

PITTSBURGH 4, WASHINGTON 2: Andrew McCutchen had four hits, including his second home run in as many nights, to lead the host Pirates. Nationals rookie outfielder Bryce Harper went 0-for-4 with a walk and popped to shortstop with the tying run on second in the ninth.

CHICAGO 1, ATLANTA 0: Paul Maholm outpitched Tim Hudson to win his fourth straight start, and Bryan LaHair hit a go-ahead single in the seventh inning for the host Cubs. Maholm (4-2) allowed three hits in seven innings and combined with James Russell and Rafael Dolis on a four-hitter. Chicago took two of three from Atlanta.

COLORADO 6, SAN DIEGO 2: Left-hander Christian Friedrich pitched six solid innings to win his major league debut, and Jason Giambi and Wilin Rosario hit RBI doubles off the top of the fences at Petco Park as the visiting Rockies rallied to snap a five-game losing streak.

New York 10, PHILADELPHIA 6: Ike Davis hit a three-run homer, ex-Tiger Andres Torres also connected, and the Mets completed their first three-game sweep in Philadelphia in six years. Making his first start since straining his left oblique April 18, Phillies starter Cliff Lee allowed two runs and five hits, striking out six.

Miami 5, Houston 3 (12 innings): Ex-Tiger Omar Infante’s bases-loaded, two-RBI single in the 12th won it for the visiting Marlins.

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